The Librarian belongs to the early works executed soon after his arrival at the Habsburg court in Prague. The painting is part of a series of portraits made by Arcimboldo as a divertissment during the early 1560s depicting members of the Emperors entourage. Part of this series is also The Lawyer and The Chef, now in the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, two paintings that correspond to The Librarian in terms of composition and style. The person on which The Librarian is based is most likely Wolfgang Lazius (1514-1565), a scientist and collector employed by Ferdinand I as his official historian and director of the Kunstkammer and the imperial library.