After the withdrawal of the Swedes from the Thirty Years' War, France lost its ally to the Reich and now intervened militarily in the war. 1635 Cardinal Richelieu (1585 - 1642) decided to actively intervene in the military conflicts. Now it was no longer just a matter of confessional but also clearly of territorial interests. The fighting spread across all German territories.
With the forty-day siege of Valencia in the autumn of that year, France and its allies Parma and Savoy, led by Marshal de Crequi, tried in vain to attack a fortress of the Duchy of Milan that fought on the Spanish-Habsburg side. The troops stormed Valenza over fifty times and lost several thousand men before breaking off the siege.