Cornelis Bol was a Flemish painter and etcher who made several visits to London throughout his career. Around 1650 the diarist John Evelyn commissioned Bol to paint views of the River Thames; this painting formed part of that series.
Bol records the skyline of London a few years before the Great Fire of 1666, dominated by old Somerset House to the right. This was once one of the great houses of London, but it fell into disuse by the 1680s, and a century later was demolished and replaced with the current building. The prominent fountain in the garden overlooking the river, topped with a statue of Diana, was moved to Hampton Court in 1656.