The Banqueting House Ceiling The Union of the Crowns of England and Scotland

This scene depicts James I’s greatest political success, the peaceful union between the kingdoms of England and Scotland which end many years of strife. When Queen Elizabeth I died childless, a crisis was averted by giving the English crown to her nearest relative, King James VI of Scotland.

In his second appearance, James is enthroned, within a vast Roman domed hall. Two cherubs fly down to fix the new royal coat arms of England - now combined with Scotland - on to his throne canopy. He points his sceptre at Minerva, appearing again, who obeys his command to tie together the two kingdoms’ crowns which she is holding.

The baby held up by the two female personifications of the kingdoms probably symbolises Charles I’s eldest son, the future Charles II, a later addition to the painting’s original concept.