Dye artisans conduct the processes of naka-ume (filling in with paste), ground dyeing and washing. In naka-ume, colored parts are covered with paste to prevent the ground color from spreading to the designs. Ground dyeing requires a high level of concentration and experience to keep the amount of dye and the brushing force constant, so that the ground is dyed evenly. In the washing process, paste and extra dye are washed out with water. This is hard work because cold water has to be used even in winter.