Zhang Qian's Expedition to Central Asia

In 138 BCE and 119 BCE, Zhang Qian embarked on two missions to Central Asia. This significant historical event is not only documented in ancient texts but also depicted in the murals of Mogao Cave 323.
The mural narrative portrays Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty obtaining a golden statue revered by the Xiongnu people, yet lacking knowledge of the figure's name. To resolve this, Zhang Qian was sent on a mission to Daxia (also known as Bactria) in Central Asia to uncover the identity of the golden statue. This historical event has been intertwined with the spread of Buddhism to the East by Buddhist believers seeking to promote their faith.
The mural is divided by mountain scenes, accompanied by cartouche with descriptions. In the upper right corner, Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty pays homage to the golden statue, while the lower middle section depicts Zhang Qian bidding farewell to the emperor. The upper left portion illustrates Zhang Qian and his companions embarking on their westward journey towards Central Asia.