A large volume of printed calico made in India, Indonesia and Europe was shipped to Japan, but it was too expensive for ordinary people. Admiration for the imported cloth prompted imitation, and handbooks on relevant techniques appeared. Three important handbooks (Sarasa Binran, Zouho Kafu Binran, Sarasa Zufu) were published in the second half of the eighteenth century and became textbooks for hand-patterned calico.