Ahatanhel Yukhymovych Krymsky was a Ukrainian Orientalist, linguist, polyglot, literary scholar, folklorist, writer, and translator. He was one of the founders of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1918 and a full member of it and of the Shevchenko Scientific Society from 1903.
Although Krymsky had no Ukrainian origin he described himself as "Ukrainophile".
In 1941, he was arrested by the Soviet authorities as "Ukrainian nationalist," an "ideologist of Ukrainian nationalists," and a "head of nationalistic underground". He was convicted in "Anti-Soviet nationalistic activities" and imprisoned in Kustanay General Prison No.7.