The Revolution of 1930, also known as the 1930 Revolution, was an armed insurrection which ended the First Brazilian Republic. Initiated by political elites in the states of Minas Gerais, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Sul, it was fueled by dissent in the military and by economic turmoil caused by a collapse in the price of coffee. The revolution ousted then President Washington Luís on October 24, 1930, prevented the inauguration of President–elect Júlio Prestes, and installed Getúlio Vargas as the new president.
Prior to 1929, Brazilian politics was controlled by an alliance between the two largest state economies; known as "coffee with milk politics", coffee growers in São Paulo combined with the dairy industry centred in Minas Gerais to create an oligarchy, with the Presidency alternating between the two states. This practice was broken when the leaders of São Paulo and President Luís nominated their fellow Paulista Júlio Prestes as candidate for the presidential elections in 1930. In response, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba formed a 'Liberal Alliance' backing opposition candidate, Getúlio Vargas.