Francisca Edwiges Neves Gonzaga, better known as Chiquinha Gonzaga was a Brazilian composer, pianist and the first woman conductor in Brazil.
Chiquinha Gonzaga was the first pianist of "choro" and author of the first carnival march, "Ó Abre Alas". Her plays and operettas, such as Forrobodó and Jurití, were a great success with the public because they used elements of Brazilian popular culture of the time.