Alexander Ferdinand Koenig was a German naturalist and zoologist.
Koenig was born at St Petersburg, Russia where his father was a successful merchant. He grew up in Bonn. Koenig became interested in natural history at an early age and started to collect specimens.
He studied zoology at the universities of Greifswald, Kiel, Berlin and Marburg, where he received his doctorate in with a thesis on Mallophaga, "Ein Beitrag zur Mallophagenfauna". He funded expeditions to the Spitzbergen region of the Arctic and to Africa, where he visited Egypt and Sudan — on six separate occasions he traveled to the Nile.
With his collections he founded the Museum Koenig in Bonn in 1912. The museum collection includes specimens Koenig collected from even early in his life.
He died in Mecklenburg.