Mikawa Province was an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Its abbreviated form name was Sanshū. Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.
Mikawa is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō. Under the Engishiki classification system, Mikawa was ranked as a "superior country" and a "near country" in terms of its distance from the capital.