Operation Boomerang was a partially successful air raid conducted by the United States Army Air Forces' XX Bomber Command against oil refining facilities in Japanese-occupied Palembang on the night of 10/11 August 1944 during World War II. The attack involved attempts to bomb an oil refinery and lay mines to block a river.
The raid formed part of a series of attacks on Japanese-occupied cities in South East Asia which XX Bomber Command conducted as an adjunct to its primary mission of bombing Japan. The command raided the Japanese city of Nagasaki on the same night as Operation Boomerang.
A total of 54 heavy bombers were dispatched from an airfield in Ceylon on 10 August, of which 39 reached the Palembang area. Attempts to bomb the oil refinery were unsuccessful, with only a single small building being confirmed destroyed. Mines dropped in the river which connects Palembang to the sea sank three ships and damaged two others. British forces provided search and rescue support for the American bombers. The Japanese defenders of Palembang failed to destroy any of the American bombers, but one was forced to ditch when it ran out of fuel.