Panangkaran or formal regnal name Mahārāja dyāḥ Pañcapaṇa kariyāna Paṇaṃkaraṇa was the king of Shailendra dynasty and also the ruler of Mataram Kingdom between AD 760—775, the kingdom of which its power centralized on Java island of Indonesia. Crowned as Rakai Panangkaran, he was the immediate successor of Sri Sanjaya, the founder of Sanjaya Dynasty as mentioned in the Kalasan inscription. The name of Panangkaran is mentioned in the Balitung charter as the line of kings who were named as the 'builders of kraton'.
In the late 8th and early 9th centuries, Java observed rivalries between two dynasties. The first four Sanjaya Dynasty lines after King Sanjaya, which was known as the Amrati Kings, competed over their power and religious influences with the Sailendras princes in the south of central Java who had arisen since 779. The Sanjayas were Hindus while Sailendras were Buddhists. There was only an isolated kingship in the east of Java, Gajayana, who appeared to have control over the Mount Kawi region in 760.
Although relationship between the Amrati Kings with Sailendra was important at that time, the rivalries between the two is still unclear.