Museum of Cosmonautics is located in the basement part of the monument "To the Conquerors of Space" - a unique monument in Moscow. Erected in honor of the launch of the first artificial satellite by architects MO Barshch, AN Kolchin and sculptor AP Faydysh Krandiyevsky and open-November 4, 1964.

The idea of ​​creating a museum owned by chief designer of space rocket systems SP Queen. The museum was inaugurated on April 10, 1981, the 20th anniversary of the space flight YA Gagarin. The museum carefully preserved samples of space technology, personal belongings figures space industry, archival documents, film and photographs, numismatics, philately, and philocarty faleristics, works of fine and decorative arts.