'Estaca Zero' - the central point of Brasília

The starting point for Lucio Costa's project for Brasília

First brought out from soul, then into paper, the new capital of Brazil was created and designed from the modernist concepts and creative thinking of Lucio Costa. The crossing point of the city's planned two main axes was identified in the cartography as the 'Estaca Zero'. From that point, all the urban elements irradiate.

Riscos originais do projeto descritivo do plano piloto de Lucio Costa.Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 2
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Two lines that cross Lucio Costa's intuition

Brasília "was born in a primary gesture of whom assigns a place or from it takes hold: two lines that cross in a straight angle, that is, the very sign of the cross." [1] When placing, the city on the ground, there was the 'Estaca Zero', in the intercross of the axes, like a heart pumping the city to be born.

Vista áerea do Eixo Monumental e partes das asas Sul e Norte.Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 3
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The importance of the 'Estaca Zero'

Every component from the urban planning are spatially defined an calculated from this irradiating point, as well as defining the urban scales that could be transferred to the Cerrado ground.

Estaca Zero, ponto de encontro dos Eixo Rodoviário com o Eixo Monumental do projeto urbanístico de Lucio Costa. (1958)Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 4
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Difficulties in establishing the 'Estaca Zero'

One of the first difficulties was establishing where it would be planted in the soil of the Fazenda Bananal. With aerial images, level curves and the work of topographers, the coordinates from paper were transferred correctly to the terrain.

Vista aérea dos primeiras vias e construções em Brasília.Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 5
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'Estaca Zero': a good marriage with Brasília

The project engineer, Augusto Guimarães Filho said: "So I had to plant the Estaca Zero, and only me! I wanted to do it the best way possible, a good marriage with Brasília! No one knew, no one told me what to do. Doctor Israel wanted the plant and I wanted to place the Estaca Zero!"[2]

Vista aérea da Estaca Zero, ponto de encontro dos Eixo Rodoviário com o Eixo Monumental do projeto urbanístico de Lucio Costa. (1958)Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 6
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'Estaca Zero' and a foolish suggestion

"There was one person, I won't name them, who said: 'Place it then; follow Israel Pinheiro! Place it anywhere!' I would say 'Well, you may take on, you are my boss, if place your finger here, it's here. You know better.' That, on those terms, I am not exaggerating." [3] - Augusto Guimarães Filho

Estaca Zero, ponto de encontro dos Eixo Rodoviário com o Eixo Monumental do projeto urbanístico de Lucio Costa. (1958)Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 7
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The choice of the topographer of 'Estaca Zero'

The president of NOVACAP, Israel Pinheiro, always attentive, sent for Rio de Janeiro Joffre Mozart Parada to calculate and look for the geographical coordinates. That day, Estaca Zero finally had someone responsible for locating it.

Mapa da orientação da tringulação dos vértices do plano piloto a partir do Vértice nº 8.Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 8
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The Vertex nº8 and the Estaca Zero

Using the geodetic Vertex nº8 installed by the IBGE, located on the highest point of the city, Joffre Mozart Parada calculated were to plant the Estaca Zero. Today the Vertex nº8 can be seen next to the Praça do Cruzeiro, in concrete and painted orange.

Marcação da Estaca Zero, ponto de intersecção do Eixo Rodoviário e Monumental de Brasília, 1957. (1957)Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 9
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The day Estaca Zero was planted

On the 20 April 1957, Parada and his team aware of the historical importance of that moment, took a photograph in front of Cruzeiro. The engineer and surveyor Ronaldo de Alcântara Velloso was granted the privilege of planting Estaca Zero. [4]

Praça do Cruzeiro com o estaqueamento dos trabalhos topográficos para locação do Eixo Monumental.Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 10
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Estaca Zero and the Cruzeiro de Brasília

The lines of pegs planted on the ground until Estaca Zero had as starting point the Cruzeiro, the highest point of the farm where Brasília was being built.

Estaca Zero, ponto de encontro dos Eixos Rodoviário e Monumental do projeto urbanístico de Lucio Costa.Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 11
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Estaca Zero and the land movement

One of the biggest problems after planting Estaca Zero was the enormous land movement required for the roads of the two crossing axes to be constructed.

Terraplanagem e movimentação da terra para a criação do terrapleno da Esplanada dos Ministérios e da Praça dos Três Poderes.Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 12
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The land of Estaca Zero creates the Ministries Esplanade

Lucio Costa suggested that the Ministries Esplanade be built in an embankment, a feat that generated the biggest movement of land in the construction of the city.

Presidente JK e autoridades na Estaca Zero, ponto de encontro dos Eixo Rodoviário com o Eixo Monumental do projeto urbanístico de Lucio Costa. (1958)Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 13
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A model for the crossing in Estaca Zero

"We only made one model of the Road Axis, in the crossing of the Estaca Zero, the Bus Station. We only made that one. Because not even the president understood very well como were those three plains. So we made a demountable model"- Augusto Guimarães Filho [6]

Obras de construção da Rodoviária Central de Brasília. (1960)Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

Áudio Estaca Zero 14
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Estaca Zero and the creation of Brasília's first 'wing'

For easier communication between teams,  Moacyr Gomes e Souza from NOVACAP names as 'WING' the central axis stretching from North to South along the Monumental Axis of Brasília.

Abertura do túnel sob a Rodoviária Central de Brasília, atual "Buraco do Tatu". (1960)Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal - ArPDF

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Estaca Zero and the "Buraco do Tatu"

Today, the location of Estaca Zero sits below the Central Bus Station, in the tunnel popularly called the 'Buraco do Tatu' (Armadillo's Hole). Thousands of people passing by every day in their cars hardly imagine there is the place from where Brasília irradiated, from Lucio Costa's revolutionary plan.

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Credits: Story

References
[1] Projeto do Plano Piloto de Brasília – texto original de Lucio Costa.
[2] GUIMARÃES FILHO, Augusto. Depoimento – Programa de História Oral. Brasília, Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal, 1989.
[3] GUIMARÃES FILHO, Augusto. Depoimento – Programa de História Oral. Brasília, Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal, 1989.
[4] Entrevista de Jethro Bello Torres para o Programa de História Oral do Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal. Conteúdo filmado.
[5] Projeto do Plano Piloto de Brasília – texto original de Lucio Costa.
[6] GUIMARÃES FILHO, Augusto. Depoimento – Programa de História Oral. Brasília, Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal, 1989.
[7] GUIMARÃES FILHO, Augusto. Depoimento – Programa de História Oral. Brasília, Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal, 1989.



Contributors
- Adalberto Scigliano - Superintendente.
- Elias Manoel da Silva - Gerência de Difusão - GEDIF.
- Renato Vilar Nasr - Gerência de Tratamento e Preservação de Acervos Textuais e Cartográficos - GEPRES.
- Anna Paula P. S. S. Fonseca - Diretoria de Tratamento e Preservação - DITRAP.
- Thyago Lima de Aguiar - Chefe da Unidade de Tecnologia da Informação - UTEC.
- Rogerio Cardoso de Amorim - Coordenação de Arquivo Permanente - COAP.
- Greice L. Lins Schumann Albernaz - Diretoria de Pesquisa, Difusão e Acesso - DIPED.
- Maria Alice de Vasconcellos - Gerência de Capacitação - GECAP.
- Patrícia Guimarães Garcês - Coordenação de Arquivo Permanente - COAP.
- Claudia Amancio e Silva - Gabinete.
- Taiama Mamede B. Solecki - Coordenação de Sistemas - COSIS.
- Morine Mughabghab - Gerência de Biblioteca - GEBIB.
- Alessandra Braz de Queiróz - Diretora de Controle e Monitoramento - COSIS.
- Elizete  Ribeiro Alves Anjos - Diretoria de Capacitação e Orientação Técnica - DICOT.

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