History of Women in Dance

A look at the women who developed Karamu's rich dance history

Dance: Gilpin Players (1920) by unknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

The 1920s: The Gilpin Players

In the 1920s, a few years after the founding of Karamu House, formerly known as the Playhouse Settlement, the Gilpin Players formerly known as Dumas Players incorporated both theatre and dance in their performances

Dance: Playhouse Settlement by Karamu HouseKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

The 1930s: Girls' Dance Group of the Playhouse Settlement

In the 1930s, dancer and choreographer Marjorie Witt Johnson joined the Playhouse Settlement, taking charge of a group of teenage campers and eventually training them into an in-house dance group, which she named the Karamu Dancers.

Dance: Karamu Dancers perform on the Karamu House stage (1949) by UnknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

The 1940s: Karamu Goes to the New York World’s Fair

The Karamu Dancers were under the direction of dancer and choreographer Eleanor Frampton. After receiving glowing reviews, the Karamu Dancers were invited to the New York World Fair in 1940. They performed Sermon, a dance choreographed by Marjorie Witt Johnson.

Dance: Eleanor Frampton (1942-05-19) by unknown and Cleveland Public Library/Photograph CollectionKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Eleanor Frampton

Eleanor Frampton's tenure as director and choreographer of the Karamu Dancers spanned three decades, from 1943 through 1961. The Karamu Dancers affectionately took on the moniker "Frampie's Chicks," and for ten consecutive summers they attended the American Dance Festival at Connecticut College.

Dance: Theatre Building Grand Opening (1948) by Calvin J. IngramKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

The 1940s: Karamu Dancers at Grand Opening

A decade after the devastating fire of 1939 interrupted Karamu's use of its original campus, the Karamu Dancers perform on the outdoor stage at the new theatre building dedication in 1949. Throughout this decade, they danced on Karamu stages and at schools across the country.

Dance: Jamaica (1959-12-30) by Karamu HouseKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

The 1950s: The Karamu Dancers

Dance remained an integral part of Karamu’s theatre programming. One such production was the much-beloved Jamaica, which holds the record as Karamu’s longest-running show, at 17 weeks. Several of the Karamu Dancers took part in this production including Angie Berry and Sandra Tilly.

Dance: Ballet Ballads (1964) by Karamu HouseKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

The 1960s: Vision of Karamu Dancers

The 1960s saw a shift in dance at Karamu. Upon Eleanor Frampton’s retirement from the Karamu Dancers, Joan Hartshorne became the group’s new director. In 1969, she presented the following list of the Karamu Dancers’ objectives:

Dance: Karamu Dancers in Rehearsal (mid-1970s) by UnknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Dance Objective 1

To increase knowledge of Karamu House and of contemporary dance in the immediate area (Northeast Ohio).

Dance: Karamu House Dancers perform in the neighborhood (late-1970s) by UnknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Dance Objective 2

To provide cultural enrichment at a smaller fee than— but at as high a level as— New York dance companies to various communities and especially to colleges and universities in the area.

Dance: Karamu Dance Class in Studio, Pearl Johnson and Student (late-1970s) by UnknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Dance Objective 3

To help raise money for Karamu House so that the dancers in the company can teach more classes to more children at Karamu House.

Dance: Karamu Dancers perform for preschoolers (mid-1950s) by Jimmy JoyceKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Dance Objective 4

To provide more performing experience for the dancers in the company knowing that this will help to make them better dance teachers.

Dance: Karamu House Dancers rehearse in Dance Studio (mid-1950s) by UnknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Dance Objective 5

To provide a living example of black and white people working together. This is not a white company with a token black member nor is it a black company with a token white member. It is truly integrated.

Dance: Joan Hartshorne (early-1970s) by UnknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Joan Hartshorne, On Teaching Dance at Karamu

“I feel that dance has an especially valuable place in a large-scale program in the arts, since it is the only one that requires no intermediary instrument. Self-expressing is possible immediately." - Dance Program, Cleveland Summer Arts Festival, 1967

Dance: Joan Hartshorne and the Karamu Dancers (1972-04-11) by Marvin M. Greene and Cleveland Public Library/Photograph CollectionKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Joan Hartshorne in Action

In her position as director of the dance program, Joan Hartshorne introduced jazz dance to Karamu. Joan Hartshorne, pictured with students giving dance instruction.

Dance: Karamu Concert Dancers (early-1980s) by Janet CenturyKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

The 1970s: A Powerhouse of Dance

Dance blossomed in the ‘70s. Pictured to the left are the Karamu Concert Dancers--, photographed to promote their annual spring concert.

Dance: Dianne McIntyre Sounds in Motion (1975) by unknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Dianne McIntrye brings Sounds in Motion to Karamu

In 1975, Karamu invited Dianne McIntrye and her dance company Sounds in Motion to perform. Pictured is a photograph of dancers performing a Sounds and Motion piece, “Smoke and Clouds," at Karamu. 

Dance: Dianne McIntyre (1975) by unknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Master Classes

In addition to Dianne McIntrye's company Sounds In Motion performing at Karamu, she also taught master classes to hone in on technique and style. 

Dance: A Pair of Karamu House Dancers (late-1970s) by UnknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Formation of New Dance Groups

In 1980, dancers Marjorie Witt Johnson and Linda Thomas Jones, also known as Mama Fasi, founded the Imani African American Dance Company. 

Also, in the 1990s Karamu had a dance company, Karamu MEA Dancers, a group of senior dancers who performed around the city and neighborhood.

Dance: Marjorie Witt Johnson (1914) by unknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Dianne McIntyre Honors Marjorie Witt Johnson

After performing and holding classes in the 1970s, Dianne McIntyre returned to Karamu to choreograph "Daughter of a Buffalo Soldier", a production that honors the life of Marjorie Witt Johnson, including her tenure at Karamu.

Dance: Summer Ensemble Dancers Performing On Stage (2018-06/2018-07)Karamu Performing Arts Theatre

Today: Summer Arts Academy

A part of Karamu's mission is to provide arts education programming to the Cleveland community. Students learn many aspects of performance including acting and dance, which they present on Karamu's stages in culminating events and to audiences all over the city.

Karamu Dance Arts Education Programming (2018)Karamu Performing Arts Theatre

Today: Arts Education Dance Programming

Karamu House has a long history of master classes, arts education and community programming for all ages throughout the year. Classes celebrating both the teaching artist and the aspiring artist.

Dance: Ballerina Performs in Joyful (2020-12-10/2021-01-09)Karamu Performing Arts Theatre

Today: Room In The House Residency

Room In The House (RITH) is a residency program that selects from a pool of artist applicants.  At least one of the spots in the cohurt are awarded to a performing artist.  Pictured is dancer and RITH alumna, Lexi Lattimore.

Dance: Dancers Performing in Black Nativity (2019-12-05/2019-12-29) by unknownKaramu Performing Arts Theatre

Today: Dance Cheoreography in Theatre Productions

While there is no longer a formal Karamu dance group, chereographed dances are utilize throughout theatre productions just as they were a 100 years ago when the Gilpin Players performed.

Credits: Story

Tony F. Sias, Karamu House President + CEO
Rockell S. Churby Llanos, Administrative Manager + Archive Project Director
Annette Bailey, Retiree + Karamu Archivist
Aseelah Shareef, Vice-President + COO
Essence Deras, Karamu/Summer on the Cuyahoga Archives Intern from Smith College
Sophie Weinberg, CWRU Kalvin Smith Library/Summer on the Cuyahoga Archives Intern from Smith College


Photo & Content Credits -
Karamu House Archive; Karamu House Archive Collection - Case Western Reserve University Kelvin Smith Library Special Collections; Russell and Rowena Jelliffe Papers - Western Reserve Historical Society/Cleveland History Center; Cleveland Memory Project; Cleveland Press; Getty Images; Cleveland Public Library/Photograph Collection

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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