Padrón Real (Turin Map)

This was the first universal chart made following Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano's expedition around the world.

It includes the first appearance of the Strait of Magellan …

… and the true distance to the Maluku (formerly the Moluccas or Spice) Islands, thanks to information brought back from the voyage.

The Atlantic coast of the Americas is well delineated, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Strait of Magellan, having been corrected compared with earlier charts made by the Portuguese.

The Maluku Islands are again illustrated on the Castilian side of the line defined by the Treaty of Tordesillas.

The original chart consists of three pieces of parchment joined together.

The equator is arranged in five-degree intervals of longitude, and the tropics are also depicted.

There are 3 scales of latitude, divided into degrees. One goes from 80°N to 80°S and passes through the Azores …

… while the other 2 are in the Pacific Ocean and to the west of India, running from 20°N to 20°S.

The Amazon is represented …

… as are the Atlas Mountains and the River Nile …

… the Cape of Good Hope …

… as well as the entire South Asian coast.

It has been attributed to Giovanni Vespucci (also known as Juan Vespucio) for several reasons, such as the inclusion of place names in Italian in the region of Venezuela.