From fartlek to interval training
In the first half of the 20th century, long-distance runners began adopting more systematic training methods, like fartlek and interval training.
For a long time, pioneer runners trained in a somewhat empirical manner. The early specialists often relied on easy jogs and exercises at the pace they planned to maintain during races. With the introduction of fartlek and interval training, achievements and records in long-distance races would be revolutionised.
The fartlek method
In the 1930s, Swedish athlete Gösta HOLMÉR pioneered the fartlek method : a free-spirited run, often in nature, at varying speeds. Its benefits include breaking up the monotony and improving endurance!
Interval training
During this period, German coach Woldemar GERSCHLER, who trained athletes at the 1936, 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympic Games, systematised interval training. This involved running on a track at different distances, interspersed with recovery breaks, aiming to improve both cardiac output and lung capacity.
In the 1950s, this interval or fractional training method gained popularity and was taken to the extremes by Czechoslovak runner, Emil ZÁTOPEK, the star of the discipline.
Helsinki 1952 - Emil ZATOPEK (TCH), triple médaillé d’or du 5000 m, 10000 m et du marathon (1952) by Comité International Olympique (CIO)The Olympic Museum
Emil ZÁTOPEK subjected himself to gruelling repetitions that went as far as 100 x 400 metres, alternating between a fast and a trotting pace. He completed "massive" training sessions at tremendous intensity. Sometimes he covered up to 1,000 kilometres per month, mostly on the track!
Helsinki 1952 - Emil ZATOPEK (TCH), triple champion olympique du 5000 m, 10000 m et du marathon (1952) by Comité International Olympique (CIO)The Olympic Museum
Despite his torturous running style, ZÁTOPEK's unwavering commitment to this demanding programme led to him amassing Olympic successes and world records.
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