Lord Ganesha (1700/1799)Salar Jung Museum
Thangka paintings
Thangka is one of the oldest forms of Buddhist art that originated in Tibet in the 11th century. It is done on cotton or silk applique, usually depicting a Buddhist deity or a mandala. Thangkas are important meditation and teaching tools depicting the life of the Buddha, Lamas, deities and bodhisattvas.
Let's take a tour of this rare Ganapati thangka !
Ganapati as a deity
Ganapati is known as Ganesha and Vinayaka who is one of most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon as a remover of obstacles. Ganapati’s image is found throughout India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Fiji, Thailand, Mauritius, Bali, and Bangladesh. In Vajrayana Buddhism he is a wealth deity.
Dancing Ganapati
Lord Ganapati, the elephant headed deity, depicted red as Maharakta Ganapati with a third eye, 12 arms, an emanation of Avalokiteswara, is in a dancing pose against a lapiz lazuli rock in mountainous surroundings, with his foot on his vahana or vehicle 'Mooshaka' who is spewing gems. Ganapati is holding weapons, holding sweets, and is wearing resplendent jewellery and coloured silk robes. He has gems on his top knotted hair as well.
Favourite God
Ganapati is a much - loved deity within Hinduism. In Buddhism, there are two sutras that mention Ganapati, and one with his mantra or 'dharani' can be chanted by anyone. Devotion to Ganapati is wide and extends to Jains and Buddhists.
Mahakala
The thangka depicts a wrathful protector deity, Mahakala, standing on a lotus with four arms, holding weapons. The deity is with a third eye, wearing a garland of skulls with the diadem decorated with human skulls as well. The right foot is trampling a human. The deity is surrounded by pure flames.
Seven Bodhisattvas
Seven bodhisattvas are shown seated in clouds.
All of them are shown with blue halos around their heads, in different mudras or gestures. A bodhisattva is a person who is on the path towards bodhi or 'awakening'. The one who is most above is Buddha Ratnasambhava.
Chakrasamvara and Vajravarahi
This depiction is of a multi-armed and multi faced Chakrasamvara embracing his yogini consort Vajravarahi. They are key deities in Vajrayana Buddhism. This figure became popular in the 18th century.
A Buddhist deity
The figure on the right of Lord Ganapati is shown seated on a lotus. He is Vaishravana, a wealth deity seen atop a lion. He is in the posture of abhayamudra or fearlessness. He wears a crown, orange coloured robes and has a smiling countenance.
A Buddhist deity
A Buddhist deity, Aparajita, a wealth deity on the left of Ganapati is shown seated on a lotus. His right hand is in the gesture of vitarka or intellectual argument. His left hand is in karana mudra, a gesture of expelling of demons.
A Buddhist deity
A deity is with a halo around him and is holding a wealth vase (kalash) in his left hand. He is in bhoomisparsha mudra or the posture of touching the earth below him.
A Buddhist deity
A deity with a halo around him, with a wealth vase (kalash) to his right, in the lower part of the thangka seated in front of a building.
Three figures
Between the two figures of Buddhist deities, under a fruit tree is depicted three figures maybe 'three pishachis' (associated with evil) under it, standing on lotuses displaying wealth vases (kalash) and jewels.
Text and Curation : Soma Ghosh
Photography : M. Krishnamurthy and Bahadur Ali
Research Assistance : Dinesh Singh and E. Rajesh
Special Thanks to : Dr. A. Nagender Reddy, Director, Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad, India.
References -
Lowry, John(1973) - Tibetan Art, London, HMSO.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/thang-ka (accessed on 04.11.2022)
https://mandalas.life/2020/depicting-ganapati-thangka/ (accessed on 04.11.2022)
https://www.bonhams.com/auction/27813/lot/57/thangka-de-maharakta-ganapati-monastere-ngor-tibet-central-xviiie-siecle/ (accessed on 04.11.2022)
https://buddhaweekly.com/why-is-maha-rakta-ganapati-recommended-by-some-buddhist-teachers-as-the-remover-of-obstacles-the-protector-of-prosperity/ (accessed on 05.11.2022)