By Korean Film Archive
Yoon Seo-yeon (Researcher, Research & Curation Team, Korean Film Archive)
On the Set of 'Lim Kkeok-jeong' (1961) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Director Yu Hyun-mok: Known Only for Aimless Bullet?
Yu’s Aimless Bullet is the most discussed Korean film of the 1960s. An intellectual filmmaker, he explored postwar society through realism and audiovisual technique. Revered among filmmakers, he probed spiritual salvation, existentialism, and sharp social critique.
I. Yu Hyun-mok's Personal Best: A Selection of Seven
Yu named seven films as his finest: Aimless Bullet, The Daughters of Kim’s Pharmacy, The Extra Mortals, The Martyred, The Guests of the Last Train, Rainy Days, and Son of a Man. With the poster for The Guests of the Last Train lost, we explore his world through the remaining six.
Poster for 'Aimless Bullet' (1961) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Selection 1: Conscience vs. Courage in Aimless Bullet
This is the poster for his most renowned film, Aimless Bullet (1961).
At the bottom, a man and woman stare at each other, dismayed. Once lovers, they reunite as a wounded veteran and a "Yang-gongju" (a prostitute serving U.S. soldiers).
At the top of the poster, a sharp contrast appears: Cheol-ho (Kim Jin-kyu), eyes shut in pain, clutches his jaw from a toothache, while Yeong-ho (Choi Moo-ryong) glares beside him. The image foreshadows the different choices the brothers will make in their bleak reality.
Clip from 'Aimless Bullet' (1961) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Should one keep their conscience despite poverty, or abandon it for immoral survival? Yu frames this dilemma through the brothers’ clash. With no easy answer, the film urges viewers to confront the social conditions of the world they themselves inhabit.
Poster for 'The Daughters of Kim's Pharmacy' (1963) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Selection 2: Defying Norms The Daughters of Kim's Pharmacy
A “literary film” adapts a novel; Yu filmed Park Gyeong-ri’s The Daughters of Kim's Pharmacy, an epic about four sisters in Tongyeong, South Korea in 1963. To the left of the title, a scene, the sisters' parents, and the men in their lives are irregularly collaged.
In contrast, the four sisters are lined up on the right. This layout clearly signals a female-centric narrative, much like "Little Women."
Notably, the second (Yong-bin) and third (Yong-ran) daughters glance sideways to the right, away from the men and mother on the left. This hints at the turbulent lives of women who reject traditional paths.
Clip from 'The Daughters of Kim's Pharmacy' (1963) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Hearing her sister was taken by police with her illicit lover for infanticide, Yong-bin laments: "Mother! Why is our family like this?" Society shames women for their desires. Yu contrasts their tragic lives with Tongyeong's beauty, using exquisite camerawork and editing.
Poster for 'The Extra Mortals' (1964) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Selection 3: Fear of Uselessness in The Extra Mortals
Following Aimless Bullet, Yu again critiques post-war devastation in The Extra Mortals (1964). Ik-joon (Shin Young-kyun) rages at trifles but is defeatist about big issues. Dentist Man-gi (Kim Jin-kyu) faces his clinic's closure over rising rent. They mirror people we see today.
Poster for 'The Martyred' (1965) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Selection 4: A Crisis of Faith in The Martyred
A Christian, Yu Hyun-mok approached religious themes with care. In The Martyred (1965) poster, the reclining Reverend Shin (Kim Jin-kyu) is prominent. Below him stand soldiers and four followers, a typical 1960s layout where stars dominate and supporting actors shrink by role.
Clip from 'The Martyred' (1965) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
"There is no God. Only the cross we must bear." This line drew criticism. Though a Christian, Yu saw suffering and questioned religion's limits. Using a tilted cross for unease, he explores religion's weakened status, human dignity, and the power of human consolation.
Poster for 'Rainy Days' (1979) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Selection 5: Nation Before Ideology in Rainy Days
The poster for Rainy Days (1979), his noted anti-communist film, hints at its atmosphere. One poster uses blue-toned lightning and rain, mixing the grandmother's (Hwang Jung-sun) face with the spear-wielding partisan Soon-cheol (Lee Dae-keun), creating a horrifying vibe.
Poster for 'Rainy Days' (1979) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Another poster shows two grandmothers (Kim Sin-jae and Hwang Jung-sun) divided by sons in opposing armies. To heal this ideological divide, Yu turns not to politics but to shamanism, suggesting a path toward reconciliation beyond Cold War binaries.
Poster for 'Son of a Man' (1980) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Selection 6: Saving the Poor in Son of a Man
In Son of a Man (1980), Reverend Min (Hah Myung-joong) invents his own faith to save the poor but falls into doubt, echoing Reverend Shin from The Martyred. While “practical theology” was a key 1980s theme, Yu goes further, probing the limits of hope, faith, salvation, and despair.
II. Yu Hyun-mok's Diverse World Beyond His Selections
Yu Hyun-mok’s work is not confined to the serious tone of Aimless Bullet. He skillfully directed melodramas, comedies, horrors, experimental films, and tales of affairs. Now, beyond his personal picks, we explore posters that reveal a different side of his diverse filmography.
Poster for 'The Lost Youth' (1957) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· A Mix of Melodrama and Noir: The Lost Youth
Against a red brick background, a man and woman embrace with sad expressions. Red brick is a hallmark of modern architecture from the Japanese colonial era. Are the couple planning an elopement at Seoul Station (old building), a key example?
At the bottom, tension builds between a panicked gunman, a corpse, and 3 witnesses. A melodrama-noir, The Lost Youth (1957) follows a man who joins a gang after an accidental killing and a woman searching for him. Their paths keep crossing and missing in this acclaimed film.
Poster for 'Lim Kkeok-jeong' (1961) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· Revolt of an Outlaw Hero: Lim Kkeok-jeong
Behind the red title, outlaw Lim (Shin Young-kyun) wields an axe, radiating raw strength. Though not a historical-epic specialist like Shin Sang-ok, Yu turned this revolt tale into a spectacular action film, Lim Kkeok-jeong (1961). This led to Great Hero, Lee Sun-sin (1962).
Poster for 'The Empty Dream' (1965) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· Expressionism + Montage = The Empty Dream
Next comes Yu’s experimental phase. Once part of avant-garde circles, he pushed formal limits in The Empty Dream (1965). The title, meaning vain fantasy, feels closer to nightmare.
A man (Shin Seong-il) under dental anesthesia dreams of a woman (Park Su-jeong) and his dentist (Park Am). In the dream, the dentist, now a magician, abuses the woman. The man's attempts to save her fail.
Clip from 'The Empty Dream' (1965) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
Yu, who tirelessly studied camerawork, also focused on set design. His wife, painter Park Geun-ja, greatly aided his vision. The tilted buildings, poles, and striped costumes recall 1920s German Expressionism.
Clip from 'The Empty Dream' (1965) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
The montage of dental shots and construction drills evokes Soviet montage, where editing creates new meaning by juxtaposing shots.
Poster for 'A Regret' (1967) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· Korea’s First Omnibus Film: Horror? A Regret
The poster draws attention with its ghost (Moon Hee), reminiscent of a figure from traditional Korean ghost stories. An omnibus film is a collection of independent stories united by a common theme.
As Korea's first omnibus film, A Regret (1967) uses a red-yellow-blue motif to signify a structure of three episodes.
The film was so popular that a sequel, Grudge, was released a year later in 1968. This success proved Director Yu Hyun-mok's exceptional talent for directing genre films that appealed to a wide audience.
Poster for 'The Three Hen-pecked Generations' (1967) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· A Satire on Male Power: The Three Hen-pecked Generations
Director Yu Hyun-mok also proved his skill in the comedy genre.
The women seem to be plotting something behind the men's backs.
Comic details stand out: grandson Jin-ho (Shin Seong-il) with wide, dazed eyes,
son Chi-san (Heo Chang-kang) peering over his glasses,
and Father Clerk Gong (Choi Nam-hyun) with a disapproving look, adding to the absurdity.
Adapted from a radio show, The Three Hen-pecked Generations follows three generations of hen-pecked men. Yu explores conflict between men lacking economic power and women of low social status, resolving it through the breakup of the extended family.
Poster for 'I Will Give You Everything' (1968) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· A Fun Take on Cohabitation: I Will Give You Everything
The poster for I Will Give You Everything (1968) uses oversized cutout faces and small illustrated bodies for a playful mood. Kim Jin-kyu, usually Yu's anguished persona, plays a carefree painter. Yu captures his romance as he lives with a widow (Jo Mi-ryeong), a doll researcher.
Poster for 'School Excursion' (1968) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· Capturing Children's Innocence: School Excursion
The poster for School Excursion (1968) evokes children’s chatter, showing students pressing down on a worried Teacher Kim (Koo Bong-seo). The typography, rendered with a chalk-like texture, is also endearingly charming.
When his rural students, who have never seen a bicycle, fail to grasp how wheels work, he arranges a Seoul field trip to show them the wonders of the city.
Clip from 'School Excursion' (1968) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
The film contrasts Seonyudo’s tranquil island scenery with bustling Seoul. Through the students' interactions with Seoul peers, Yu highlights their innocence. The child actors lead the film as true protagonists, not just supporting roles, confidently carrying the narrative.
Poster for 'Two Husbands' (1970) by Yu Hyun-mokKorean Film Archive
· A Polyandry Melodrama: Two Husbands
On the poster for Two Husbands (1970), a woman covers her face, caught between two men. While it suggests a love triangle, the film's plot is more complex: a woman living with two men becomes pregnant.
The film explores polyandry, or polyamory, hinted at by the line: "This is my fate, born from loving both men." Though its tone differs from the 2008 comic melodrama My Wife Got Married, its similar subject marks it as pioneering.
Posters from Films Directed by Yu Hyun-mok (2) by Korean Film ArchiveKorean Film Archive
Yu Hyun-mok's passion is palpable in every poster. Here are additional works reflecting his vision. What narratives do you see? Celebrating his centennial, we continue to rediscover the enduring value of his legacy.
Organized and produced by Korean Film Archive
Curated by Yoon Seo-yeon (Researcher, Research & CurationTeam, Korean Film Archive)
Video edited by Mooun Lee
Production Arranged by Lee Ji-youn, Song Eun-ji
Translated by Double D
Special Thanks to Yang Hae-nam Collection
* Unauthorized use of poster images may result in legal liability.
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