Native Fashion Now (2015) by Allison WhitePeabody Essex Museum
I. PATHBREAKERS - A New Dawn
It’s such a common cliché—Native design is ultra-traditional. Yet since the 1950s and right up to the present, Indigenous designers have been blazing trails in daring and distinctive ways. The result?
Native designers have overturned the simplistic notion that all Native design tends to look the same. Pathbreakers dare to dream. They marry the worldview and aesthetics of their communities with modern materials and silhouettes.
Clothing is their language, and they write it in silks and stainless steel, in rhythm, shape, and line. These designers increasingly source their fabrics globally and use New York runways as a jumping-off point for their careers.
Along the way they create opportunities for those who follow in their footsteps.
Lloyd “Kiva” New is the father of contemporary Native American fashion. He was the first Native designer to establish a successful international high-fashion brand under the label Kiva, which refers to an architectural structure used for Native religious ceremonies in the Southwest. New developed a signature style featuring a Native aesthetic—abstract and figural symbols—and modern cuts and color palettes.
Dress, 1950s by Lloyd “Kiva” New, Cherokee and Courtesy Fashion by Robert Black with Doreen Picerne. Photo © 2015 Peabody Essex Museum. Photo by Thosh CollinsPeabody Essex Museum
Working with silks and cottons, New created clothes that evoke the Southwestern landscape: patterns from riverbeds, striated cliffs, and desert scrub.
Just as important to New's legacy is his promotion of Native art and artists in the mid-20th century, when Native Americans and other marginalized peoples faced widespread discrimination.
Mylar, a material used in space shuttles, doesn’t seem like the typical stuff of Native fashion, but these dresses are the real deal. This reflective fabric recalls the Sky World, home of the ancestors in Osage creation stories. And in motion, Mylar actually makes a crinkling sound, an auditory reminder of this ancestral connection.
Dresses, 2015 by Wendy Ponca, Osage and From the collection of the artistPeabody Essex Museum
Ponca taught fashion at the Institute of American Indian Arts. In the mid-1980s she cofounded a collective of Native designers, models, and artists, establishing Santa Fe as a center for Native haute couture.
This ensemble reveals Dugi’s keen eye for elegant evening wear and luxurious detail. The headpiece’s sharp quills add a sexy danger to the dramatic volume and fluidity of the dress. Glittering beads capture the experience of watching all-night Diné ceremonies under a starry sky. Dugi owes a debt to the fashion designers Yves Saint Laurent and Valentino and to Dugi’s Diné grandmother, who wore elaborate clothing and accessories every day.
Love of opulent adornment, layering of textures, and draping are qualities that drive Dugi's work.
In 2002, Ortiz was selling his ceramics and couture at Santa Fe’s Indian Market when the New York fashion powerhouse Donna Karan strolled over. Struck by Ortiz’s bold forms and motifs, she invited him to collaborate on her 2003 couture collection. They worked together to marry her silhouettes and fabrics with his graphic patterns, which symbolize wild spinach, clouds, and fertility. Their partnership is an inspiring example of collaboration between artists, cultures, and businesses.
Brothers in family and in all things personal adornment, the metalsmiths Chris and Pat Pruitt occasionally collaborate to produce wearable art. Instead of standard Southwestern jewelry-making tools like wooden anvils, they use computer-aided machinery and fabrication techniques. Their clean lines sing in stainless steel, not the more typical silver.
Native Fashion Now (2015) by Allison WhitePeabody Essex Museum
II. REVISITORS- Evolve, Reflect, Adapt, Repeat
One tradition never changes in Native art: things change. Native artists have always brought new materials and ideas into their work. This gallery celebrates fashion designers who refresh and expand on time-honored symbols, forms, and techniques even as they adopt new ones.
In turn, Revisitors use contemporary and innovative approaches to strengthen and carry forward ancient understandings of the world that sustain their tribal communities.
Some make clothing and other objects specifically for powwows and Native ceremonies, while others intend their work for outside markets.
"Native Fashion Now" installation viewPeabody Essex Museum
Revisiting also has other connotations worth thinking about. This section also includes examples by non-Native designers inspired by Native patterns, motifs, and styles past and present—a common practice not without controversy.
When symbols used in Native cultures are employed out of context, their intended message can become garbled. Also, profits from the sale of such items will never reach the Native artists who created the designs.
There’s style, and then there’s Jamie Okuma.
Boots, 2014 by Jamie Okuma, Luiseño and Shoshone-Bannock and Museum commission with support from Katrina Carye, John Curuby, Karen Keane and Dan Elias, Cynthia Gardner, Merry Glosband, and Steve and Ellen Hoffman, 2014. Peabody Essex Museum
Jamie Okuma catapults moccasins into the 21st century.
She hand-stitched thousands of antique beads onto boots by the French designer Christian Louboutin.
Boots, 2014 by Jamie Okuma, Luiseño and Shoshone-Bannock and Museum commission with support from Katrina Carye, John Curuby, Karen Keane and Dan Elias, Cynthia Gardner, Merry Glosband, and Steve and Ellen Hoffman, 2014. Peabody Essex Museum
Only Louboutin's signature red soles (a symbol of the French aristocracy) remain exposed. The graceful swallows and abstract floral motifs evoke Okuma’s childhood on her grandmother’s land.
For Perkins, a box of beads holds endless possibilities. She poured her heart into this elaborate ensemble—fit for a traditional wedding—and titled it Emma, a favorite name. She likens the outfit to a close friend she spent months getting to know. Beadwork is deeply rooted in Perkins’ Native heritage. She embraces its power to stimulate community involvement and pride: “Our designs are like stories, thoughtfully woven into a ceremonial dress. They capture personality and identity.”
Native Fashion Now (2015) by Allison WhitePeabody Essex Museum
III. ACTIVATORS- Speak Your Piece
Self-representation, a recurring theme in contemporary Native fashion, is a major focus for the artists who use fashion to express identity and political ideas.
When you think about it, what you wear and how you wear it can say a lot—about yourself and your engagement with others. Clothing can help get a message across.
Activators design and style casual-chic outfits, blending tribal-specific patterns and colors with street-style sensibilities and bypassing the catwalk and the corporation.
Many younger Native designers are constantly responding to trends and current events by way of the Internet and social media.
Ever since the graphic tee emerged as a fashion statement in the 1970s, designers have used T-shirts to flaunt individuality and voice political protest. For young designers, these affordable, easy-to-produce shirts offer a way to grab attention and express opinion. Jared Yazzie’s Native Americans Discovered Columbus T-shirt reclaims America as Indigenous country. For Yazzie and the other T-shirt designers, words are weapons, provoking people to think harder about history.
Edzerza’s tunic draws from the formline style of Northwest Coast Indigenous art—particularly its heavy black outlines, oval-like shapes, and U-forms. Its design is borrowed from woven ceremonial-dance blankets. Edzerza works in many mediums, from clothing and silver jewelry to painting and glass.
"Native Fashion Now" installation viewPeabody Essex Museum
IV. PROVOCATEURS - New Radicals
Some Native designers can be thought of as Provocateurs. They embrace the experimental and erase boundaries between art and fashion.
Provocateurs one-of-a-kind clothing and accessories demonstrate remarkable craftsmanship and at the same time hurl familiar materials and forms into an entirely new dimension. Some of these works stretch the concept of wearability.
How would such garments feel on your body? Can these clothes truly be worn?
"Native Fashion Now" installation viewPeabody Essex Museum
As these designers work from drape to pattern to fabrication, they deconstruct typical ideals of beauty while constructing new ones. Their fashions dance between the imposing and the delicate.
Our Provocateurs carry on a question-and-answer dialogue between material and concept, inviting viewers to engage with issues of identity, sovereignty, and creativity.
The feather boa is one of those accessories that scream flamboyance, turning the fashion volume to 10.In this collaboration, the brothers Gaussoin kick it up to 11. They have transformed the feather boa’s flounce and fluff into something sleek, even ominous. Is Postmodern Boa dangerous or whimsical? Can it be both? This work is in step with the Gaussoins’ jewelry designs, which showcase the human body and push materials into new sculptural realms.
Postmodern Boa, 2009 by David Gaussoin, Wayne Nez Gaussoin, Picuris Pueblo and Diné [Navajo] and Museum purchase with funds provided by Leslie Beebe and Bruce Nussbaum, 2016.32.1Peabody Essex Museum
As 21st-century designers with a long family tradition of artistic expression, they interpret their culture in a progressive way.
This dress’s title, Wile Wile Wile, means “the sound of wings in flight” in the Kaska Dene language. Its surprising textures update a classic feminine silhouette. The dress honors Esquiro’s departed loved ones—she designed it for them to wear at an imagined joyful reunion.
Taking visual cues from Mexico—observance of the Day of the Dead and the work of the painter Frida Kahlo—this dramatic evening gown demonstrates Esquiro’s hallmark love of juxtapositions as well as technical sophistication and artistry, qualities associated with European couture houses and with indigenous art.
This ensemble turns two-dimensional handwoven fabric into a three-dimensional soft sculpture. In the Native worldview of the Southeast, birds figure prominently as warriors, hunters, protectors, and messengers. This ensemble evokes traditional dancers who wear feathers to embody these beings and to summon their powers.
The Messenger (The Owl) cape and headpiece, Mahotan Collection, 2014 by Margaret Roach Wheeler, Chickasaw and From the collection of the artist, photo by Greg HallPeabody Essex Museum
Owl, a messenger from the spirit world, often warns people of danger. Wheeler’s Mahotan Collection also features Raven, Crane, and Snow Goose, demonstrating the enduring role of birds in Chickasaw art and culture.
Ace made these modern-day “moccasins” out of reclaimed computer parts. Clusters of coated copper wire stand in for traditional ground-trailing fringe, originally designed to erase the wearer’s tracks. Reaction, the brand name for Ace’s shoes, gives the piece its title; it suggests responsiveness, a theme important to Ace’s work. He does more than upcycle—he completely reimagines the cast-off remnants of our culture of consumption, turning found objects into art.
Karen Kramer, The Stuart W. and Elizabeth F. Pratt Curator of Native American and Oceanic Art and Culture
Elisabeth Auffant, Administrative Coordinator for Curatorial Operations, Peabody Essex Museum
Marta Fodor, Rights and Reproductions Coordinator, Peabody Essex Museum