Cariniana estrellensis by João Marcos RosaInhotim
The jequitibá's name originates from the Tupi language yekïti’bá, which means tree with a hard trunk, referencing its heavy, durable wood. Considered the largest tree in the Atlantic Forest (reaching almost 100 feet tall and 13 feet in diameter), it is commonly found in eastern Brazil.
Its lifespan may exceed 500 years, making it excellent at preserving the biome. At Inhotim, this tree is one of the botanical highlights located on the Orange axis, close to the outdoor artwork Desert Park(2010), by Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster.
Production of native tree seedlings at the Inhotim Institute's Educational Nursery (2022-09-22) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Just like humans, plants have bodies, too. These may be organized under a logic of their own, but they also consist of intelligent systems whose parts work in coordination to make life happen.
In this story, Inhotim invites you on a journey to explore the diversity of plants through the bodies of three Atlantic Forest species: a tree, a bromeliad, and an orchid. All plants presented here are part of our botanical collection.
Melanoxylum brauna Schott (2020-11-05) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
The tree
Threatened with extinction, the braúna is an Atlantic Forest tree. This species is an excellent option for landscape regeneration and urban afforestation. It stands tall amid the landscape, reaching heights up to 82 feet, and its wide canopy helps provide shade.
The braúna's body shows its very essence: a canopy of leaves on the branches, a trunk that communicates with the earth through the roots. Roots to replenish, a trunk to truss, and leaves to live and breathe.
Melanoxylum brauna Schott (2020-11-05) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
In botanical nomenclature, the anatomy of a plant is usually the key to deciphering its name. The braúna is no exception: originating from the Tupi term ibirá-uma, or black wood. The species' name references the dark color inside its trunk.
Melanoxylum brauna Schott (2021-03-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Between February and April, the braúna begins its reproduction stage, revealing more of its body and drawing attention from afar: its yellow blossoms attract bees and other small insects. These flowers are then pollinated and turn into fruits.
In plants, the fruit acts as a protective covering for the seeds that develop inside. Each seed contains a miniature plant of sorts, which has the potential to become an adult plant once it finds favorable light, water, and temperature to grow.
Melanoxylum brauna Schott (2020-11-05) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
On the other hand, plant bodies don't follow the animal logic of highly specialized system parts. In his book Plant Revolution, Stefano Mancuso points out the smart ways in which plant organisms are laid out and notes:
"While animals concentrate certain functions on specific organs, plants distribute them throughout the body. The key is decentralization. Over time, we discovered that plants use their entire bodies to perform essential functions, such as breathing, sensing, processing information, and more."
Inhotim Institute's Pictorial Garden (2020-05-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
This is how the braúna and so many other plants prove to have such efficient systems: with an architecture where there's no single command center, their bodies stay alive by working in cooperation, distributing functions as much as possible among all parts.
A quick observation of plants also reveals that not all of their bodies are created equal. The basic structure of root, trunk, leaf, flower, and fruit can take very different forms.
Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms (2021-03-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
The imperial bromeliad
Walking through the gardens of Inhotim, we often find imperial bromeliads (Alcantarea imperialis), plants whose shape is vastly different from the braúna's. Their long, broad leaves, arranged in a rosette shape, form a small vase in the center.
Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms (2021-03-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
This small vase acts as a cistern, accumulating rainwater and decomposing organic matter. In the natural environment, bromeliads play a fundamental ecological role in providing water, shelter, and food for various species, from protozoa and insects to amphibians.
They also benefit from the presence of visitors that can contribute to pollination, or even nutrition through their feces, for example. The alliances that exist between bromeliads and the animals that inhabit them are examples of how, in nature, nothing thrives alone. Everything is part of interconnected support systems.
Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms (2021-03-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
The species is native to the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Two major threats put this species at risk of extinction: predatory removal from nature and the destruction of its habitat through fires. At Inhotim, it is one of the 30 botanical highlights on the visitor map.
Cattleya walkeriana Gardner (2020-05-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Orchids are an example of another type of plant structure. The orchid pictured belongs to the Cattleya walkeriana species. It's known as rainha-do-cerrado, but it also occurs naturally in transition zones between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest.
Cattleya walkeriana Gardner (2020-05-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Largo das Orquídeas is one of Inhotim's themed gardens. When it was created in 2016, more than 17,000 orchids of this species were planted in the palm trees. Since then, they have grown naturally on site, forming new clumps.
Clumps are groups of interconnected plants that have grown from shoots of the same plant. In this garden, it's even difficult at times to tell where one orchid ends and another one begins.
Cattleya walkeriana Gardner (2020-05-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Some orchids and other plants grow in such dense clusters that it's almost impossible to tell where one individual ends and another begins. This growth pattern leads us to question the concept of individuality in the botanical world.
On that note, still in the same book, Mancuso reflects on what an individual is in the animal and plant contexts. In animals, the individual is a biological entity that cannot be divided into two parts without one dying. However, in botany, this is not the case. If a plant is split in two, it multiplies. Plants are good models for the idea that to divide is to grow, build, and multiply.
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (2020-05-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Besides the trees, bromeliads, and orchids, there are myriad other plant shapes. Climbing plants, such as the guaimbé pictured (Philodendron elegans).
Salvinia auriculata (2021-10-28) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Plants that grow on rocks. Insectivorous plants. Aquatic plants. Each of these plant bodies is a unique set of effective responses to the survival challenges they face in the environments they are part of.
Inhotim Institute - Aerial view of the landscaping of Lago Grande (2020-05-06) by João Marcos RosaInhotim
Over the final pages of his book O Pensamento Vegetal (The Plant Mind), Evando Nascimento calls on us to immerse ourselves in the plants' way of life. "The plasticity of plant life, its remarkable capacity for regeneration, and its sense of collectivity should guide us to follow these general principles."
Plants can inspire us to think of other ways of being in this world. Even though they are so different from ourselves, there is also something very familiar in them that inhabits us all.
Credits:
Research:
Nature Manager Sabrina Carmo
Botanical Curation Assistant Tatiana Aparecida
Copywriting:
Nature Manager Sabrina Carmo
Audios:
Botanical Curator Juliano Borin
Biology Expert Thamyris Bragioni
Photos:
João Marcos Rosa
References:
Mancuso, S. 2019. Polished for title flow and more commonly found Revolução das Plantas: um Novo Modelo para o Futuro. São Paulo: Ubu Editora.
Nascimento, E. 2021. O Pensamento Vegetal: a Literatura e as Plantas. Civilização Brasileira.
Melanoxylon braúna, Arboretum Program, accessed May 13th, 2025,
https://www.programaarboretum.eco.br/especie/113/brauna.
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