The Costume, the Pattern of Joseon Dynasty: Government Officials' Uniform, Black Dallyeong

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Gyeonggi Provincial Museum, we came up with the special exhibition “The Costume, the Pattern of Joseon Dynasty”. The exhibition, named after the costume and design of the Joseon Dynasty.“The Costume”consists of five parts: part one is ‘Officials' Ceremonial Attire, Red Jobok’, part two is ‘Officials' Uniform, Black Dallyeong’, part three is ‘Confucian Scholars’ Ceremonial Robe, White Sim-ui’, part four is ‘Women’s Ceremonial Robe, Green Wonsam’, and the last part shows ‘Men and Women’s Vest, Baeja’. And also, discolored costumes from the original attire were splendidly recreated by Korean costume professionals. In “The Pattern”, one of the relics in the Gyeonggi Provincial Museum, displays the various and distinctive patterns of Joseon Dynasty, through which our ancestors pursued beauty and their desires to express due courtesy with full dress code including a variety of designs.We sincerely hope that you can feel and appreciate the beauty of Korean clothing in a new light.

It is a one layer Dallyeong made of cloud-patterned silk, with the lower part of the outer collar, Angil, and the right sleeve lost, and has a tacking mark with a Hyungbae on the chest and back. The collar width is narrow, the neck is shallowly exposed, the sleeve seam gets narrower as it gets closer to the cuff, and the armpit garment of the side hem is in a form of a small pleat on the inside and a big pleat on the outside, with the top part of the big pleat folded diagonally inwards, having the typical form of Dallyeong of early Joseon Dynasty.

It is made of plain-patterned silk, and the color has strong traces of dark blue, which is used for Dallyeong for public duty. There is a 'Baekhan (silver pheasanat) Hyungbae', horizontal 38cm and vertical 34cm, attached to the chest and back of the Dallyeong, and the Baekhan Hyungbae corresponds to a civil official Dangsang-gwan 3rd rank at the time. The sleeve has a curved form sleeve-seam, narrow near the armpit and having a wide breadth, and the early 17th century characteristic can be seen of the upper part of the armpit garment of the side hem reaching upwards diagonally.

It is made of cloud-patterned silk, and is presumed to have been a dark blue, but it has lost its original color because it was left for a long time inside a grave, and only has traces of blue left. It has a 'Woonhak (cloud and crane) Hyungbae(운학雲鶴흉배)', horizontal 36cm and vertical 37.5cm, attached to the chest and back of the Dallyeong. The crane pattern of the Hyungbae appeared in early 17th century and was used as a Hyungbae for civil officials until the 1900s, when the Dallyeong attire was discontinued. The sleeve has a wide breadth, and as both the front and back armpit garment were held to attach an external coat string, the armpit garment heads backward naturally. This can be seen as the transitional characteristic of the 18th century when the armpit garment of the side hem was yet to be completely attached to the back.

The outer cloth was made of cloud-patterned silk and the inner cloth was made of lotus flower-patterned silk, and it is presumed to have been a dark green. It has a 'Woonhak (cloud and crane) Hyungbae', horizontal 30.8cm and vertical 34cm, attached to the chest and back of the Dallyeong. In this period, differentiation of rank came not from the number of animals but from the type of animal pattern, and the crane Hyungbae symbolizes the civil official Dangsang-gwan. The side hem armpit garment is fixed on the back with a button knot, which is different from the forms of the early Joseon Dynasty. Euiwongun Lee Hyuk is the grandson of Inpyeong Daegun, the third son of King In-jo.

It is a Dallyeong made of plain-patterned silk, and a Gapoomdae with pictures drawn on plain-patterned silk was excavated together. It has a 'Baekhan (silver pheasant) Hyungbae', horizontal 36cm and vertical 35cm, attached to the chest and back of the Dallyeong, and as the 『Sokdaejeon』1746 prescribes that the civil official Hyungbae of Dangsang-gwan is of Woonhak, and Dangha-gwan is of Baekhan, the crane Hyungbae symbolizes the civil official Dangha-gwan. Jikryeong is overlapped in the Dallyeong, and the coat string, armpit garment, and Doryeon are stitched together, while the armpit garment was fastened with a knot after being folded backwards. Shim Ik-chang is the fourth son of Shim Ji-won 1593-1662, who served as a Youngeuijeong.

Samo, Official Hat

It is an official hat worn when wearing a Dallyeong. The Samo has a low front and a high back, and has two horns (Yang-gak) on the left and right. The height of the Mojeong and the shape of the Yang-gak were different depending on the era. In the early Joseon Dynasty, the Mojeong was low and the Yang-gak was long and pointed downwards, but in the late Joseon Dynasty, the Mojeong was high and the Yang-gak were short and horizontal. The『Sokdaejeon』1746 prescribed that officials of Dangsang 3rd rank and above wear Munsagak made of patterned silk, and officials of Dangha 3rd rank and below wear Dansagak made of plain silk.