What is a Roman mosaic?
Rome has been the capital of Italy since ancient times. Roman mosaic painting is a fascinating artform that flourished in areas under the Roman empire. These mosaics were used to decorate floors, walls and ceilings, villas and baths.
Let's find out more on this unique concept of 'mosaic'!
What made up the mosaic?
The mosaic was made up of 'Tessarae' which comprised of marble pieces, glass, and even shell which were fixed together. The choice of materials added richness and texture to the designs.
Artists employed techniques such as opus tessellatum (using square tesserae) and opus vermiculatum (using finely shaped tesserae for detailed images)
Theme of the mosaics
Roman mosaics frequently depicted mythological scenes, everyday life, nature, and geometric patterns. Animals, deities, and human figures were often portrayed with meticulous detail. These mosaics often held symbolic meanings, representing wealth, status, or cultural beliefs.
Cultural Impact
Roman mosaics influenced later art forms, particularly during the Byzantine period, and their techniques and styles continue to inspire artists today. They remain a testament to the skill and creativity of ancient Roman artisans.
Roman wall painting plaques
Also known as wall panels or frescoes, they feature intricate depictions of mythology, landscapes, still life, and portraits, providing a window into the cultural and artistic expressions of the time.
The Salar Jung Museum collection
The museum has an interesting collection of later Roman mosaics. There are paintings and wall plaques including a mosaic of the iconic 'Colosseum', 'Doves of Pliny', birds and flowers among others.
Let us explore the collection!
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
View of the Colosseum
This 19th-century mosaic depicts the Colosseum, a massive amphitheater built in ancient Rome. A man and woman sit beside the ruins, enjoying a garden view in front.
The mosaic design is a testament to the enduring legacy of this iconic structure.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
Two birds
This 20th-century mosaic depicts two birds perched on a branch, framed in a gilded oval. The intricate details highlight the skill of the artisan and the beauty of nature.
The dainty mosaic design on the bird makes it look very real.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
View of St. Peter's Church
This 19th-century mosaic depicts St. Peter's Church, showcasing a bustling scene with people gathered in groups and horse-drawn chariots. Figures of men and women can be seen around the church.
The detailed work is framed in gilded wood.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
Flower bunch
This 19th-century mosaic showcases a vibrant bouquet of flowers, captured with meticulous detail. The flowers glisten like mother-of-pearl, depicting the artist's skill and the enduring beauty of nature. The black wooden frame adds a touch of elegance to this stunning work.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
Doves of Pliny
This 19th-century mosaic features four doves drinking from a cup, known as the 'Doves of Pliny.' The intricate detail is framed in a gilded wood design, evoking the beauty of ancient Roman art.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
Togetherness
This 19th-century mosaic depicts an elderly couple enjoying a moment of shared reading. The intricate details and warm colors capture the intimacy of their connection.
Mosaic panel (1900/1999)Salar Jung Museum
View of the Doge's Palace
This 19th-century mosaic depicts the Doge's Palace in Venice. The intricate details of the Venetian Gothic architecture are captured in this beautifully crafted piece.
The mosaic on St. Doge's Palace uses a stunning arrangement of pieces to create a captivating artwork. The intricate detail and vibrant colors showcase the skill of the artisans who created this masterpiece.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
Birds on a branch
This 19th-century mosaic features six birds perched on a branch, crafted in white marble and set in a black wooden frame. The delicate details highlight the artistry of the piece.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899) by VcalderantSalar Jung Museum
Romeo and Juliet
This 19th-century mosaic depicts Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet's famous balcony scene. The intricate details of the artwork are highlighted by the gilded frame, signed by Vcalderant. The mosaic is a testament to the enduring power of love and storytelling.
Mosaic panel (1900/1999)Salar Jung Museum
Two birds on a flower branch
This 20th-century mosaic depicts two birds perched on a branch, showcasing the artisan's skill and the beauty of nature. The piece is framed in an oval-shaped gilt wooden frame.
Mosaic panel (1800/1899)Salar Jung Museum
Remus and Romulus
This 19th-century mosaic shows the legendary Roman founders, Remus and Romulus, being suckled by a she-wolf. The detailed mosaic work is framed in gilded wood.
Mosaic panel (1900/1999)Salar Jung Museum
Black stone plate with mosaic design
This 20th-century plate showcases a deep circular ring around a central mosaic panel. The black stone provides a striking backdrop for the intricate design.
Text and Curation: Soma Ghosh
Photography: M. Krishnamurthy and Bahadur Ali
Research Assistance: Dinesh Singh and E. Rajesh
Special thanks to : Shri Ashish Goyal, IIS, Director, Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad, India.
Dr. G. Kusum, Curator, Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad, India.
References -
1. https://www.getty.edu/news/a-brief-introduction-to-roman-mosaics (accessed 25.09.2024)
2. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/498/roman-mosaics/ (accessed 25.09.2024)
