"You never saw such excitement"

The 1918 Election of Countess Markievicz

By Richmond Barracks

Richmond Barracks

Credits - You Never Saw Such Excitement (2018-11-13) by Richmond BarracksRichmond Barracks

“You never saw such excitement”: The 1918 Election of
Countess Markievicz

“You never saw such excitement”: The 1918 Election of Countess Markievicz is a Richmond Barracks exhibition supported by the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and Dublin City Council.

Portrait of Countess Markievicz (1915) by Bains News ServiceRichmond Barracks

Countess Markievicz dressed in a ball gown standing at fireplace. She was born Constance Gore-Booth in 1868 and came from an Anglo-Irish background.

Portrait of Eva and Constance Gore Booth (undated)Richmond Barracks

Eva and Constance were devoted sisters and were regular correspondents throughout their lifetime.

Lissadell House, Co Sligo (1865 - 1914) by Robert FrenchRichmond Barracks

Lissadell House was the family home of the Gore-Booth family in Co Sligo.

W.B. Yeats, Bains News Service, 1920, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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The poet W.B. Yeats visited the Gore Booth family at Lissadell. He wrote the poem "In Memory of Eva Gore-Booth and Con Markievicz" in 1927, further to the death of both sisters who died within a year of each other. The poem begins "The Light of evening, Lissadell, Great windows open to the south, Two girls in silk kimonos, both Beautiful, one a gazelle."

Wedding portrait of Constance and Casimir Dunin-Markievicz (1900)Richmond Barracks

While at art school in Paris, Constance met Count Casimir Dunin Markievicz, a Polish artist, and they married in 1900, locating to Dublin in 1902 where both soon moved in artistic and literary circles

Constance Markievicz in a pageant as Joan of Arc with political prisoner, Henry Roe McMahon, 1914-04, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Markievicz is in costume armour, dressed as Joan of Arc and presents Kathleen Houston, dressed as a suffragette prisoner with a sword. This postcard was created for the Daffodil Day Benefit organised by the Irish Women's Franchise League in Dublin, April 1914 to support Votes for Women.

A Call to the Women of Ireland publication, Fergus O'Connor, 1918, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Cover of A Call to the Women of Ireland published in 1918, the text of a lecture delivered to Students' National Literary Society under the title "Women, Ideals, and the Nation," by Constance de Markievicz.

Fianna Éireann Scouts with Countess Markievicz and little girl (1909 - 1916) by Keogh Brothers LtdRichmond Barracks

Na Fianna Éireann was an Irish Nationalist Youth Organisation founded by Bulmer Hobson and Constance Markievicz in 1909. This organisation had male and female members and was modelled on the Scouts movement

Portrait of Countess Markievicz in Citizen Army uniform, Keogh Brothers Ltd, 1916, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Portrait of Countess Markievicz standing in military uniform with a revolver in right hand. As a member of the Irish Citizen Army, Markievicz took an active role in the Easter Rising of 1916, being second in command in St Stephens Green and the Royal College of Surgeons Garrisons.

Homecoming in 1917 (IFI film), IFI, Irish Film Archive, 1917-05, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Constance Markievicz wearing white coat at Clare Election victory procession (1917) by Keogh Brothers LtdRichmond Barracks

Eamon De Valera was elected Sinn Féin MP for East Clare in 1917 further to a By-Election following the death in the First World War of Irish Parliamentary Party MP, Willie Redmond. Constance, wearing a white coat, took part in the victory procession led by pipers.

Constance Markievicz addressing Sinn Féin supporters in Kilkenny (1917) by Keogh Brothers LtdRichmond Barracks

Countess Markievicz addresses Sinn Féin supporters in Kilkenny from a platform during the 1917 By-Election. She was supporting Sinn Féin candidate W.T. Cosgrave

Countess Markievicz on platform, along with W.T. Cosgrave and E.T. Keane during Kilkenny Elections (1917) by Keogh Brothers LtdRichmond Barracks

Constance, holding a bouquet, is seated on a platform with W.T.Cosgrave and E.T.Keane in the background.

Representation of the People Act 1918 (1918) by Parliament UKRichmond Barracks

Title page of UK Parliamentary document detailing the Representation of the People Act 1918, which allowed women aged 30 years and older (under certain conditions) and men aged 21 years and older to vote for the first time. This Act tripled the electorate for the 1918 General Election in the UK and Ireland.

Mary McAuliffe film part 1, Joe Lee, 2018, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Dr Mary McAuliffe, Gender Studies, UCD talks about the limited franchise available to women in 1918 and attempts by Irish suffrage campaigners to get Votes for Women on the Home Rule Bill of 1912

Maud Gonne Mac Bride, undated, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Half length full facing portrait of Maud Gonne Mac Bride wearing a high-collared dress. Maud Gonne was an Irish nationalist who had been married to Major John Mac Bride, executed for his role in the 1916 Rising. Maud Gonne was famously a muse for poet W.B. Yeats who referred to her in many of his poems. She was imprisoned in Holloway Jail with Constance Markievicz in May 1918, under suspicion of conspiring with the enemy aka The German Plot

Kathleen Clarke, M. Buckley, photographer, 1900, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Head and shoulders portrait of Kathleen Clarke (née Daly) who was the widow of Tom Clarke, executed for his role in the 1916 Rising.She was imprisoned with Constance Markievicz and Maud Gonne Mac Bride in Holloway Jail in May 1918, under suspicion of conspiring with the enemy aka The German Plot.

Mary McAuliffe film part 2, Joe Lee, 2018, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Dr Mary McAuliffe, Gender Studies, UCD talks about the 'German Plot' whereby prominent Sinn Féin members, including Constance Markievicz, Maud Gonne MacBride and Kathleen Clarke were arrested in May 1918 and held in British prisons

Parliamentary Borough of Dublin 1917 (1917) by CSORichmond Barracks

Map of the Parliamentary Borough of Dublin, 1917. In the General Election of December 1918 Countess Markievicz contested a seat for Sinn Féin in St. Patricks division, an area in the South City Centre near St. Patrick's Cathedral

1916 Women in Ely O'Carroll's house (1916)Richmond Barracks

In the Summer of 1916 many of the women who participated in the 1916 Rising were photographed at Ely O'Carroll's house in Peter's Place, Dublin

Irish Women's Franchise League at Suffrage Rally, Hyde Park, London (1912) (1912)Richmond Barracks

The Irish Women's Franchise League (IWFL) was set up in 1908 by Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, Francis Sheehy-Skeffington and Margaret Cousins to secure the Vote for Women. In 1912 members of the IWFL attended a suffrage rally at Hyde Park, London.

Women and South Dublin Electors poster, IWFL, 1910 - 1914, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Women's suffrage poster created by the Irish Women's Franchise League advertising a meeting in the Antient Concert Buildings. Black type on red paper.

Tullamore Suffrage Prisoners (1913)Richmond Barracks

Margaret (Meg Connery), Mabel Purser, Barbara Hoskins and Margaret Cousins were members of the Irish Women's Franchise League in Dublin who broke windows in Dublin Castle in 1913 and were jailed in Tullamore Jail, Co Offaly. Dublin Castle was the headquarters of the British Government in Ireland and they thought it prudent to remove the women from their support base in Dublin.

Hanna Sheehy Skeffington Hanna Sheehy Skeffington (1916 - 1918)Richmond Barracks

Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington with her son Owen Sheehy-Skeffington

Meg Connery protesting to Bonar Law and Edward Carson Meg Connery protesting to Bonar Law and Edward Carson (1913)Richmond Barracks

Meg Connery from the Irish Women's Franchise League breaks through a police cordon to present Bonar Law (Conservative Party) and Edward Carson (Ulster Unionist Party) a suffrage poster on the steps of Iveagh House, Kildare St, Dublin. In the background Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington (unseen) is apprehended by a member of the Dublin Metropolitan Police.

Micheline Sheehy-Skeffington film part 1, Joe Lee, 2018, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Micheline Sheehy-Skeffington, grand-daughter of Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, talks about Hanna's early life and involvement in the Suffrage movement and her setting up of the Irish Women's Franchise League

Hanna Sheehy Skeffington with sisters and Meg Connery at Richmond Barracks (1916-06) by Bains News ServiceRichmond Barracks

Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington with Mary Sheehy-Kettle, Kathleen Sheehy Cruise O'Brien and Meg Connery at Richmond Barracks in June 1916 on the occasion of the court-martial of Capt. J. C. Bowen-Colthurst for the unlawful killing of her husband Francis Sheehy-Skeffington during the Easter Rising.

Jennie Wyse Power Jennie Wyse Power (1858 - 1941)Richmond Barracks

Portrait of Jennie Wyse Power, President of Cumann na mBan

Map of Ireland with 1918 General Election result (1919) by Friends of Irish FreedomRichmond Barracks

Map of Irish Republic showing results of the General Election 1918

David Lloyd-George (1915 - 1920) by Bains News ServiceRichmond Barracks

David Lloyd George, Liberal Party Statesman and British Prime Minister (1916-1922) addressing an audience indoors

Esther Roper, 1868 - 1939, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Portrait of Esther Roper, lifelong partner of Eva Gore-Booth and Trade Union activist

Winifred Carney Winifred Carney (1918)Richmond Barracks

Portrait of Winifred Carney, Irish Republican and Trade Unionist who contested a seat in the 1918 General Election in the Victoria Constituency of Belfast. Carney was disappointed to lose her election registration fee of £150, as she received just 395 votes.

Manchester Guardian letter (1918-12) by James Bone, Manchester GuardianRichmond Barracks

Letter from James Bone, London Editor with the Manchester Guardian to the Home Secretary requesting an interview for journalist Evelyn Isitt with Constance Markievicz. Bone states "she is the first woman in the British Isles to be elected to Parliament." His request was turned down.

Mary McAuliffe film part 3, Joe Lee, 2018, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Dr Mary McAuliffe, Gender Studies, UCD talks about the significance of Markievicz's election in December 1918 and her subsequent appointment as Cabinet Minister to the First Dáil in April 1919

Eva Gore Booth (1870 - 1929)Richmond Barracks

Portrait of Eva Gore-Booth (sister of Constance Markievicz) poet and Trade Union activist based in England

Letters from Eva Gore Booth to the Home Office Letters from Eva Gore Booth to the Home Office (1919-03) by Eva Gore-BoothRichmond Barracks

Letter from Eva-Gore Booth to Secretary of State dated 4th March 2019 requesting visit to her sister Constance in Holloway Jail. She questions the logic of stipulation that politics must not be discussed (transcript with image)

Countess Markievicz is released from Holloway Jail on the 10th March 1919 (1919-03-10) by IFI Irish Film ArchiveRichmond Barracks

Group photo Liberty Hall 1919 Group photo Liberty Hall 1919 (1919)Richmond Barracks

Group photo including Countess Markievicz, Kathleen Lynn and Madeleine ffrench-Mullen taken at Liberty Hall on her release from Holloway Jail in March 1919

Markievicz in Boston (1922-05-30) by BETTMANNRichmond Barracks

Constance Markievicz embarked on a lecture tour of the United States in 1922. Here she is addressing a large crowd in Boston on the 30th May 1922.

Markievicz with McGarrity (1922)Richmond Barracks

Joseph McGarrity and Constance Markievicz with a crowd waving the Irish and American national flags. Markievicz embarked on a lecture tour of the United States in 1922.

Markievicz with Eamon De Valera (1919 - 1927)Richmond Barracks

Eamon De Valera and Countess Markievicz, standing in a garden with house in background

Exhibit Launch of "You Never Saw Such Excitement" (2018-09) by Damien MaddockRichmond Barracks

Alison Cowzer (Women for Election), Senator Ivana Bacik and Mary McAuliffe at launch of "You never saw such excitement": The 1918 Election of Countess Markievicz on 20th September 2018 at Richmond Barracks

Micheline Sheehy-Skeffington film part 2, Joe Lee, 2018-09, From the collection of: Richmond Barracks
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Micheline Sheehy-Skeffington (Emeritus) NUIG, Galway talks about gender discrimination today and how women should be represented on an equal basis to men in all walks of life

Credits: Story

Exhibition funding: The Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht under the Regional Museum Exhibition Scheme 2018

Project Research: Catherine Neville (Richmond Barracks) and Maren Reeder (Public History and Cultural Heritage, TCD)

Project Development: Eadaoin Ní Chléirigh, Catherine Neville

Audio-Visual Exhibition Design: DMW Creative – Heather Dowling Wade, Rob Reid and Rob Molenaar

Online Exhibition Design: Neo-Archaic – Martin Steffens

Image and Video Partners:
IFI Irish Film Archive – Stephen Boylan, Aaron Healy
National Library of Ireland – Berni Metcalfe, Glenn Dunne
Library of Congress
Dublin City Library and Archive – Enda Leaney
Public Record Office of Northern Ireland – Rebecca Geddes, Patrick Reilly
Manchester Library and Archive – Jane Hodkinson
The National Archives of Ireland – Hanne Sheeran, Tom Quinlan
Joe Lee, Filmmaker
Damien Maddock, Photographer

Historical Sources:
National Library of Ireland
Prison Letters of Countess Markievicz, ed. Esther Roper, Virago (1934 and 1987)
Helga Woggon, Silent Radical, SIPTU (2000)

Google Arts and Culture: Izabela Palinska, Agata Wieczorowska


Special thanks to:
Mary McAulifffe, Gender Studies, UCD
Micheline Sheehy-Skeffington, Emeritus, NUI Galway
Kate Manning, UCD Archives

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.

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