Khadija A. SAlaam:  Ancient Egyptian adornment

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From the earliest civilizations people adorned themselves with jewelry that served the purpose of beautification, religious and cultural meaning. Adornments comes in many different styles, jewelry types, clothing, make up and body tattoos. As the span of time goes by, these styles of adornments change over the years and develop different meanings later on. In modern times, cultures have adopted different ways of adornment that could have a whole different meaning 500 years ago.

 

Ancient Egyptian jewelry that have been discovered are documented in the paintings, tombs and sculptures. Most of the jewelry and adornment were form the tombs of the powerful rulers and family members. Bracelets, rings, earrings, necklaces, pins, belt buckles and amulets were made from gold and silver inlaid with precious stones was made out of gold, carnelian, lapis lazuli and turquoise. Motifs included images of the gods and goddesses, hieroglyphic symbols, birds, animals and insects. Seen are the scarab; the Eye of Re; lotus and papyrus plants; the vulture and the hawk; the cobra; and symbols such as the Isis knot. A person's jewelry was placed in his or her grave to be used in the afterworld, along with many other personal items. Ancient Egyptian jewelry had many significant meaning that pertained to their culture and religious beliefs. Both the women and men wore jewelry which showed status and wealth. The wives of the Kings wore amulets to increase fertility, and to protect them in childbirth as well. Pigments were used for eye, lip and cheek make up and henna, a vegetable dye, was used for tattoos.   

 

In modern times jewelry serves the same purpose as in ancient times. Adornment is worn to enhance beauty of status of the wearer. We see today and in the past jewelry is often worn to embellish, enhance, or distinguish the wearer. Adornment can be cultural, religious, or within a particular community as mentioned above. Jewelry is used for beatification, religious purposes and protection from outer influences. In many different cultures and time periods jewelry is used as a status symbol and sign of wealth.

 

In America diamond rings, Rolex watches, and other expensive jewelry are signs of wealth and status in our current society. In our military we can identify with the Military Regalia, certain adornments like pins or ribbons signify high rank or status. Clothing made by famous fashion designers like Versace make and sell expensive style clothing and accessories for those who are wealthy. On the other hand, tattoos are a common type of adornment that is popular in America for every age and class. In the past tattoos were only for a certain type of subculture in America, and as we can see adornment changes as time changes as well. America is a cultural melting pot and we can see a mix of cultural adornments everywhere, but status adornment is something that doesn't change, for example military regalia hasn't changed since its inception because rank and status within the military must be earned and then rewarded. As we go from ancient civilizations up until today adornments will always be a way of identification in cultures, religion, and societies. 

Signet Ring, Unknown, ca. 664-404 B.C.E., From the collection of: Brooklyn Museum
This gold Signet ring belonged to a “Priest of Isis of Cheops”, he was a priest of the temple of Isis at Giza. The Priest was named Neferbire as this ring is inscribed. This ring is made of pure 21 karat gold. This piece was worn to authenticate documents, the ring had the name and titles of the owner deeply sunk in hieroglyphic characters on an oblong gold bezel. This ring seems to be similar to our modern day notary, it bears an important weight for the document that is stamped with this seal. The priests were ranked as high respected figure in ancient Egyptian society. This Signet ring has a religious, political purpose and meaning. Not anyone could wear this ring, it has purpose and well as it is beautiful. A ring of this status could not be worn by just anyone, it could only be worn by someone of high status and value. The ring beatifies the wearer as the same giving the wearer a status symbol. The Signet gold ring was a clever way to seal am important document, meaning thereby all the contents therein are approved religiously and politically within the society. Similar to the a class ring on a small scale, it signifies identity to a certain class of individuals, this ring is for a certain class from a certain school and society. The ring beautifies the wearer as well as giving them a special important by wearing the ring. Date Created: ca. 664-404 B.C.E. Type: Accessory, Jewelry Rights: Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund Medium: Gold Collection: Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art Dimensions: Height 13/16 in., 0.5 lb. (2.1 cm, 0.2kg) Bezel: Width 11/16 x Length 15/16 in. (1.8 x 2.5 cm) Dynasty: XXVI Dynasty-XXVII Dynasty Period: Late Period Possible place collected: Giza, Egypt
Diadem of semi-precious stones and gold, -3300, From the collection of: British Museum
The diadem was found going from ear to ear across the forehead of a women in a grave of Abydos at 3300 BC. This is a beautiful example of semi-precious stones and precious metals. There are garnet, malachite, turquoise, along with gold that was soldered. These stones were sent from other areas to the Egyptians Kings. This is an example of jewelry that adorned a wealthy person. Diadems are a type of headband or crown worn by royalty, showing status. In modern times we call them tiara, a crown that comes down across the forehead. Diadems were worn by Kings, Queens, Princess, and Princes of all cultures and times. Diadems are made out of gold or silver, and inlayed with semi-precious stones making them expensive and can only be worn by rulers or very wealthy people. Crowns are a symbol of status and wealth, particularly status of important within a society. Not just anyone can wear a diadem! If you do or did, you must be someone of great importance with high in status within your cultural group. Date Created: 3300 BC Physical Dimensions: Height: 31.50cm; Width: 3.00cm; Depth: 0.60cm; Weight: 0.009kg Acquisition: Donated by Egypt Exploration Society Material: turquoise; garnet; malachite; gold Period/culture: Naqada II Place: Excavated/Findspot Abydos Technique: soldered
Bracelets of Nimlot, -940/-940, From the collection of: British Museum
Both bracelets are made of gold, and hinged together. There is a royal child sitting on a lotus flower holding a scepter. There are many religious signs on these two bracelets, the sun over top of the royal child’s head, the lotus flower and the serpents. This is is a good example of motifs and religious symbols used in ancient jewelry. Nemareth was an ancient Egyptian prince, general and governor during the early 22nd Dynasty. He was the third son of Pharoah Shoshenq, he was appointed at birth to rule over middle Egypt. Expression of religious beliefs are common in art of this era, it took great skill in metalworking in jewelry and sculpture. These bracelets are pieces of art and also a religious symbol as well, the sculptures on the bracelets are a representation of who the wearer was, a ruler that was deified in ancient Egyptian culture. The geometric decorations and a figure of a child deity. This is represented in the manner of the child is nude, wearing a long sidelock of hair with a finger in his mouth. The scepter of rule is present with the son his forehead, his headdress as a lunar crescent and disk. All of these symbols are symbolic to the Ancient Egyptian Religion and cultural was of life. Date Created: 940 BC Physical Dimensions: Diameter: 6.30cm; Height: 4.00cm Acquisition: Purchased from Murray, Charles Augustus Authority: Ruler Sheshonq I Material: gold; lapis lazuli Period/culture: 22nd Dynasty Place: Excavated/Findspot Sa el-Hagar Subject: ancient Egyptian deity Technique: inlaid
Gold Taweret necklace, From the collection of: British Museum
This is an amulet used as am element in jewelry to protect the mother and child from the evil forces in childbirth. All social groups would wear these for protection but they were made from different materials. This particular necklace is gold and were found in the tomb of the wives of king Tuthmosis III. These type of amulets promoted fertility. This particular piece is very interesting because it was definitely a symbolic totem that had a religious significant, so much so that every women wore this type of jewelry. Of course depending on your social status, how rich or poor the woman was determined if the piece was made of gold, or stone, or wooden. Ancient Egyptian religion this was a Egyptian deities that was associated with fertility and child birth, women would wear this made of any of the materials mentioned above to protect themselves and their children. The Tawaret is hippopotamus that is protective their young, but she has the limbs of a lion and tail of a crocodile on her back. This totem was worn and kept throughout ones’ life. This sort of amulet was a protection from bad things occurring, similar to nowadays when people choose to wear tiger eye stones and lucky charms for protection against bad occurrences in life. There are prayers in other religions that protect from evil occurrences as well. Physical Dimensions: Length: 43.50cm (as strung) Acquisition: Donated by Egypt Exploration Society. Previous owner/ex-collection Maxwell, John Grenfell Material: gold Period/culture: 18th Dynasty Place: Found/Acquired Egypt Registration number: 1929,1109.33 Technique: mould-made
Broad Collar, Unknown, ca. 1336-1327 B.C.E., ca. 1327-1323 B.C.E., or ca.1323-1295 B.C.E., From the collection of: Brooklyn Museum
This wide collar made of faience, six rows of beads in a semi circle. These were made of semi precious stones and gold or silver and were worn by people of status and wealth. This collars were worn by the Pharaohs and always gifted to those in government, or military. This collars were often a sign of wealth or a status of some sort. This piece of jewelry is most characteristic form of Egyptian jewelry, when we think of Ancient Egypt a person wearing a big color probably comes to mind. This collar was worn by men and women because adornment was highly valued by Ancient Egyptians. It wasn’t only this wide Collars, earrings, bracelets, rings, and crowns were worn as well. All of the jewelry was adorned with stones, and made of brass, gold, and silver. Date Created: ca. 1336-1327 B.C.E., ca. 1327-1323 B.C.E., or ca.1323-1295 B.C.E. Type: Accessory, Jewelry Rights: Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund Medium: Faience Accession number: 40.522 Collection: Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art Dimensions: 14 7/16 x 4 7/16 in. (36.6 x 11.3 cm) Dynasty: late XVIII Dynasty Period: New Kingdom Possible place collected: Thebes, Egypt
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This user gallery has been created by an independent third party and may not represent the views of the institutions whose collections include the featured works or of Google Arts & Culture.
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