The University of Sydney Library has the largest academic collection in the Southern hemisphere. Highlights of the collection include a personal and annotated copy of Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Virginia Woolf's personal and annotated copy of her first novel, Australian author manuscripts, medieval and early modern collections, and a significant number of East Asian items.

The University of Sydney Library has 14 locations, including sites at Camperdown, Camden and the Sydney Conservatorium of Music.