In suffrage history, 1913 is often remembered for suffragette militancy, and for the dramatic funeral procession for Emily Wilding Davison. However, somewhat forgotten, the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) also organised a nationwide women’s suffrage pilgrimage involving women walking from all corners of England for a rally in Hyde Park on 26 July 1913.
Women's Suffrage Pilgrimage Page 1Original Source: LSE Library
The pilgrimage was intended to counter the militancy of the suffragettes, and show that women could be disciplined and law-abiding on a large-scale.
Ultimately, they hoped that Asquith would receive a deputation.
The Women's March (1913-07)Original Source: LSE Library
Inspiration for the Women’s suffrage pilgrimage must have come from a march that arrived in London from Edinburgh the previous autumn.
The ‘Women’s March’, involving a small number of women, was organised by Florence de Fonblanque in October 1912. They were known as the Brown women because of their brown dresses.
It had a spiritual overtone, which the NUWSS wanted to emulate for the 1913 pilgrimage.
Edinburgh to London procession (1912) by National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS)Original Source: LSE Library
A photograph showing the 'Women's March' in progress. You can see Mary Lowndes 'Edinburgh' banner which was designed for the NUWSS procession which took place in London in June 1908.
Suffrage pilgrims' meeting (1913-07-14)Original Source: LSE Library
Katherine Harley initiated the idea of the women’s suffrage pilgrimage in April 1913. Her sister was Charlotte Despard, president of the Women’s Freedom League.
Katherine herself was treasurer of the West Midlands Federation of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, and then president of the Shropshire Society of the NUWSS. She was also active in the Church League for Women’s Suffrage.
Here is Katherine speaking at one of the suffrage pilgrimage meetings at Olton in the West Midlands.
Record of the Suffrage Pilgrimage Page 6 and 7Original Source: LSE Library
The Women’s suffrage pilgrimage took much organising.
Pilgrims followed one of the major routes through the towns and villages of England towards London.
Suffragist Pilgrims at Clayton (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
Some women followed the complete route over six weeks, others joined for a few days at a time. Some women brought their bicycles.
Altogether, large numbers of women, of all classes, were involved.
Suffrage pilgrims' camp (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
Pilgrims set up camps along the way.
The following oral histories, recollecting women's experiences of taking part in the pilgrimage, are part of the LSE Women's Library suffrage audio collection.
Suffrage pilgrims' camp (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
Suffrage pilgrims at breakfast (1913-07-18)Original Source: LSE Library
Suffrage pilgrims (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
Pilgrims were encouraged to wear a uniform.
It was suggested that marchers wear white, grey, black or navy blue coats or dresses, with either a white blouse or one the same colour as the skirt.
Hats were to be in the same colours, and worn with a raffia badge in the NUWSS colours of red, white and green.
They also had satchels with red, white and green ribbons on the shoulder strap and red band across the front.
Women's Suffrage Pilgrimage Page 2Original Source: LSE Library
These are instructions for women going on the pilgrimage.
NUWSS Canvas Bag Photograph 1Original Source: LSE Library
A Women's Pilgrim bag in the NUWSS colours.
Suffrage pilgrimsOriginal Source: LSE Library
Open-air and indoor meetings took place along the way to promote the suffrage message. Many received warm receptions but there were many hostile encounters.
Suffrage pilgrims in procession (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
Edith Eskrigge was an official pilgrimage organiser for the Lancashire, West Cheshire and North Wales Federation of the NUWSS.
Here they are in Liverpool on 5 July 1913.
Record of the Suffrage Pilgrimage Page 52 and 53Original Source: LSE Library
Marjory Lees and other members of the Oldham Women’s Suffrage Society, travelling with a caravan, set off on 7 July along the ‘Carlise to London’ route.
Suffrage pilgrims in procession (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
Here the ‘Carlisle to London’ marchers have reached Thame in Oxfordshire.
Annie Ramsay talk (1913) by Annie RamsayOriginal Source: LSE Library
About 20 pilgrims began their walk from Land’s End to London on 19 June 1913.
Mrs Annie Ramsay was encouraged by her daughter, Dr Mabel, to join the pilgrimage at Plymouth because she, herself, was busy with ‘too many babies due to arrive...’.
Annie intended to walk for just a few miles but ended up walking the entire route to London.
Dr Mabel joined the pilgrims as and when she could.
Women's suffrage parade, Littlehampton (1913-07-19) by J White & SonOriginal Source: LSE Library
A group from Littlehampton set off on 19 July 1913 with Lady Maud Parry leading the way.
Her husband, Hubert, joined them together with Mrs Bertrand Russell and Julia Strachey.
They joined a group from Brighton before the walk to London.
Mrs Bertrand Russell, Mrs Merrifield, and four others walked the whole route.
Women's Suffrage Pilgrimage, 1913 (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
Amelia Scott and other marchers from Kent followed the traditional Pilgrim’s Way.
They passed through the major towns of Kent before meeting in Tonbridge on 21 July for the march to London.
Millicent Fawcett (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
The Pilgrimage ended with a huge rally of 50,000 people in Hyde Park on 26 July 1913 starting at 5pm. Speakers spoke from 19 platforms, representing 19 Federations.
Mr Edmund H New to [Mrs EB Clothier] (1913-07-27)Original Source: LSE Library
Edmund New wrote to Esther Clothier about the Hyde Park rally saying that he joined Alice Clark and, with Wilfrid Hind, carried the Street suffrage banner made by Esther.
Street Women's Suffrage Society suffrage banner (1908)Original Source: LSE Library
The banner for the suffrage society in Street, Somerset, made by Esther Clothier.
Letter Addressed to 'Gentlemen' Page 1Original Source: LSE Library
The pilgrimage achieved its purpose and Asquith received a deputation on 8 August, the first suffrage deputation since November 1911. It brought about no change in government policy and this is Millicent's letter of disappointment.
National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (1913)Original Source: LSE Library
In 1914, the Active Service League was founded to revitalise the suffragists' campaign.
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