Archaeological Park of the Golubac Fortress

The area around the Golubac Fortress  was inhabited as early as the Bronze Age;
The Celts had their settlement in the area;
Finds from the Roman period are preserved in an unexpectedly good condition;
One of the rare Turkish hammams in Serbia has been excavated – endowment of  Mahmud- pasha the Conqueror;
Another new discovery is a lime kiln, shrouded in myth.

The “Roman house” represents remains of an ancient structure unearthed at the foundation level. It was built in late 2nd or early 3rd century and lasted throughout the 4th century. It was made from stone and brick, using the alternate laying technique (opus mixtum). It measures25×5 m in size and comprises 4 rooms whose walls and floors were covered with waterproof plaster, while the floors were boosted with an additional brick layer.

In his written account of the Outer Ward in front of Golubac Fortress, Evliya Chelebi, a 17th century Turkish explorer, recounted a number of buildings, amongst others the hammam (bathhouse)built by Mahmud-Pasha, who conquered Golubac Fortress in 1458. Golubac hammam was a gendered space and as such open primarily to men, however women were probably allowed at a certain time during the day or week. It was made out of stone and brick.

A hypocaust, space that served for circulation of hot air that heated the chambers above, was found below the floor level. The chamber domes had small hexagonal openings for light and ventilation. The hammam was supplied with water from a spring located in the hill nearby.

All parts of the hammam have been preserved: shadirvan or lounge and changing room; kapaluk – a warm room to which patrons retired to relax after bathing; cenife – toilets; mejdan – a sauna, also used for massage and intimate hygiene; halvate – two chambers, for hot and cold baths;  hazna – water reservoir, and culhan – boiler room.