Who was she?
Sofia Bisi Albini was a Milanese writer and journalist, close to the feminist movement and very active in the social and pedagogical field.
Origins and debut
Sofia Bisi Albini was born in 1856 in Milan into an upper middle-class landed family, the third of ten brothers. In the family villa of Robbiate, since childhood, the rich library of classics and the writers who frequented the living room of the house, such as Alessandro Manzoni, contributed to his formation. She attended the Higher School for Women in Milan and, supported by the then director Giovanni Rizzi, immediately began to measure herself with writing by publishing a short story entitled "Nel vano della finestra", in a collection of essays by the school's students. The story is noticed by Angelo De Gubernatis who calls her to collaborate with the magazines he directs.
Donna Conny
Thus began in those years Sofia's literary adventure, with the publication of short stories and novels often signed with the pseudonym of "Donna Conny" or simply with "Sofia": the first of these is "Donnina forte", published in 1879 with a preface by Antonio Fogazzaro.
Prefazione di Donnina forte (1903) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
The preface is written in the form of a letter and signed by a "grateful" Fogazzaro who thanks her for being so "true", without much vanity. However Fogazzaro regrets the author's choice to hide her identity behind a pseudonym.
Cose Vecchie, impressioni nuove (1882) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Within a few years Sofia publishes numerous novels and short stories, as like "Cose vecchie e impressioni nuove" (1882)", "Omini e Donnine" (1887) e "Il figlio di Grazia" (1898), always obtaining appreciation from critics and the public.
Omini e donnine (1911) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
"Omini e Donnine" is a collection of short stories for children. In the final pages of the volume, the publisher inserts an advertisement for another Bisi volume "Il figlio di Grazia".
Il figlio di Grazia (1919) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
On the occasion of the first edition of "Il Figlio di Grazia", Gerolamo Rovetta writes a letter to Sofia Bisi Albini which shows a clear admiration for the writer: «fra le donne che scrivono sono poche quelle che..., come Voi, sanno rimanere una donna anche scrivendo. Altre, molte altre, fan la voce grossa ... per borbottare paroloni o anche parolacce da omo, diventando rauche e fastidiose... e per mostrarsi virili dicono pure … qualche trivialità!». This letter will be published as a preface to the second edition.
Dedica di Il figlio di Grazia (1919) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Since the first edition, the novel bears a dedication by the author to her husband, the sculptor Emilio Bisi, with whom she had already been married for fifteen years, and to their four children.
Illustrazione di Il figlio di Grazia (1919) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Pedagogy and education
In those same years Sofia Bisi Albini published the novel "Una nidiata" in installments in the magazine "Cordelia", created in 1881 for a young female audience. The novel, which was particularly appreciated, was immediately re-published in its entirety by Treves and had numerous other editions.
Il libro dell'Avvenire (1914) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Once again, in the writings of Sofia Bisi Albini motherhood is presented as the essence of femininity, an added value in a woman's life. A strong pedagogical and educational interest is added to this theme.
Follower of the theories of Maria Montessori, she founded children's newspapers and two successful women's magazines, the "Rivista per le signorine" and "Vita donna italiana", which in 1914 merged into "Nostra Rivista".
Illustrazione "il medico" da Il Libro dell'Avvenire (1914) by Sofia Bisi Albini- Duilio CambellottiBiblioteca Sormani
The writer illustrates to young readers the possible professions they can choose for their future, mixing the most coveted liberal professions with the humblest professions.
For example, the doctor.
Illustrazione "il commerciante" da Il Libro dell'Avvenire (1914) by Sofia Bisi Albini- Duilio CambellottiBiblioteca Sormani
The trader
Illustrazione "lo scrittore" da Il Libro dell'Avvenire (1914) by Sofia Bisi Albini- Duilio CambellottiBiblioteca Sormani
The writer
Illustrazione "l'agricoltore" da Il Libro dell'Avvenire (1914) by Sofia Bisi Albini- Duilio CambellottiBiblioteca Sormani
The farmer
Evviva il mio Avvenire! (1927) by Sofia Bisi Albini-Attilio MussinoBiblioteca Sormani
"Evviva il mio Avvenire!", partly takes up the text of "Il libro dell'Avvenire" with some additions. Noteworthy are the beautiful illustrations by Attilio Mussino in black and green ink.
Illustrazione "il commerciante" da Evviva il mio Avvenire! (1927) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Illustrazione "il meccanico" da Evviva il mio Avvenire! (1927) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
The mechanic
Illustrazione "l'artista" da Evviva il mio Avvenire! (1927) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
The artist
Fotografia dal I Congresso delle Donne Italiane (1908) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Feminism and social commitment
Joined the Italian Women's Union, Sofia advocates a pragmatic feminism, in which social commitment was proposed as a cornerstone. In 1908 she took part in the 1st Congress of Italian Women in Rome.
Always proposing an ideal of an active woman and heroically participating in social life, she was an interventionist during the First World War and in 1917 she founded the Italian section of the League of Sowers of Courage, a patriotic association created to mobilize women that had a wide diffusion at the level national.
I Congresso delle Donne italiane (1908) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Her interventionist and social commitment found ample space in the magazines she directed, where harsh tones were reserved for "vile" women who evaded the sacrifices of patriotic mobilization.
Fotografia dal ICongresso delle Donne Italiane (1908) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Thanks to her initiative in 1915 in Milan were born the Nests for the children of the recalled, places to welcome very young children and to help working mothers. Supported by individuals and initially managed by volunteers, the nurseries multiplied both in Milan and in the rest of Italy, often transforming themselves into permanent structures, which offered meals and hospitality, and sometimes the possibility of spending holidays outside the city.
Fotografia dal I Congresso delle Donne Italiane (1908) by Sofia Bisi AlbiniBiblioteca Sormani
Her friends and critics
Sofia Bisi Albini died in Rapallo in 1917. During her prolific literary and social career she had woven many friendly relationships with other Italian and foreign writers, especially Anglo-American. She had written reviews and prefaces, wrote a biography on Grazia Deledda and had translated "The Misunderstood" by Florence Montgomery and "My Wife and I" by Harriet Beecher Stowe. She also signs the preface to Ada Negri's first poetry collection "Fatalità"
L'instancabile (in morte di Sofia Bisi Albini) (1919) by Ada NegriBiblioteca Sormani
Ada Negri dedicates a long greeting to Sofia Bisi Albini on the pages of the "Italian illustration": the poetess from Lodi, who at the beginning of her career had been interviewed by Bisi, portrays her "tireless", always in pursuit of her ideals. Bisi's books are "works of love" that the author has left to other women, just as "legacy of love" are all the associations she founded and animated during her life. Ada Negri concludes her memory with these words: «Camminò camminò senza prender sosta, lavorò lavorò senza concedersi tregua: quel che ad altri può sembrare sconfitta, fu per essa incitamento di forza...».
More women writers in Milan, in 19th and 20th Century to be discovered:
Virginia Tedeschi “Cordelia”
Ada Negri
Maria Antonietta Torriani “Marchesa Colombi”
Anna Maria Zuccari “Neera”
Evelina Cattermole “Contessa Lara”
Would you like to read in full the books by the protagonists of the exhibits? Click here.