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The Train Tracks of the Ball

The relationship between the construction of railways and the spread of football in São Paulo (Brazil)

Paulista Railway Network S.A. (1977) by Paulista Railway S.A.The Football Museum

Brazil has a vast number of football clubs. Have you noticed how many of them have railway origins? In the state of São Paulo alone, between amateur and professional clubs, there were more than 40. What explains such a large number? What is the relationship between railways and football?

This virtual exhibition is one of the results of the traveling exhibition Trilhos da Bola, which opened in December 2025 in the city of Araraquara-SP. It is divided into two sections: The tracks enter the field and From the stations to the stadiums.

We invite you on a journey through time along the paths of football. We have selected 7 railway lines, passing through 10 cities and linked to the founding of 11 São Paulo football clubs. Through images and text, you will discover and connect these stories, which make up the history of the State of São Paulo itself. Grab your ticket, the train whistle has already sounded!

Photograph of the São Paulo Railway station. (1900/1909) by Guilherme GaenslyThe Football Museum

The train tracks enter the field.

Advertisement for Brazilian coffee in the magazine “L’Illustration,” published in Paris. (1937) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Grains en route

The territorial occupation of São Paulo is directly related to the coffee and railway expansion that occurred in the 19th century. The interest of foreign capital was combined with that of local farmers, eager to export their agricultural products: sugar, cotton, rice, and especially coffee.

Locomotive of the Central Railway of Brazil. (1910/1929) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Central Railway of Brazil

Year construction began: 1852
Year the first section was inaugurated: 1858
Length: 3,571 kilometers
Operational period: 1858-1957

Photograph of Brasil Avenue in Araraquara. (1885) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Urban transformations

With the wealth generated by coffee and the arrival of railroads, the cities in the interior of São Paulo underwent intense transformations. Urbanization accelerated, the population increased, and more neighborhoods emerged.

Water and sewage systems were installed, public lighting switched to gas or electricity, and communication became faster with the spread of telegraphy and telephony. Animal-drawn transport was replaced by trams and cars. With the establishment of factories and industries, commerce grew and diversified. The urban landscape was transformed, and its greatest symbol was the locomotive.

Photograph of Brasil Avenue in Araraquara, with a view of the EFA and Paulista stations., Rights reserved., 1930/1939, From the collection of: The Football Museum
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Photograph of Brasil Avenue in Araraquara, with a view of the EFA and Paulista stations., Rivas Autullo, 1940/1949, From the collection of: The Football Museum
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Workers transport coffee at the Port of Santos. by Guilherme GaenslyThe Football Museum

São Paulo Railway Company Ltd.

Year construction began: 1860
Year the first section was inaugurated: 1867
Length: 139 kilometers
Operational period: 1867-1946

Children taking part in a June Festival at the EC Mogiana field. (1940/1950) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Social gatherings and leisure activities

The construction of railroads mobilized a huge contingent of workers, especially in hub cities where workshops were built. This concentration favored the emergence of railway villages and cultural and sporting associations, intended to occupy free time and offer leisure activities.

Views of the Paulista Company Station in Jundiaí, São Paulo. (1865) by Militão AzevedoThe Football Museum

Paulista Railway Company

Year construction began: 1868
Year the first section was inaugurated: 1872
Length: 1,226 kilometers
Operational period: 1872-1971

Children playing ball in the courtyard of the Immigrant Hostel. (1930/1940) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Flows and displacements

The trains that carried grain to the Port of Santos brought European immigrants. The replacement of enslaved labor with immigrant labor was a national project to whiten the population. While a portion remained in urban centers, another went directly to work in the fields.

Mogyana Company in Campinas, São Paulo. (1908/1913) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Mogiana Railway Company

Year construction began: 1872
Year the first section was inaugurated: 1875
Length: 1,445 kilometers
Operational period: 1875-1971

Publication documenting women employees of the Paulista Company. (1918) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Labor and labor relations

Marked by the legacy of slavery, conditions on coffee farms remained precarious. A similar situation existed on the railroads. Strikes and protests were harshly repressed. Women were also present in these companies, but restricted to roles assigned to their gender.

Tiles depicting the inauguration of the Ytuana Railway. (1940/1949) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Sorocabana Railway

Year construction began: 1872
Year the first section was inaugurated: 1875
Length: 1,877 kilometers
Operational period: 1875-1971

Locomotive crossing a stretch of the São Paulo Railway Company Ltd. railroad in the Serra do Mar. (1920/1921) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Engineering

The geography of São Paulo presented a challenge for the construction of the railroads. Overcoming mountains and crossing rivers meant technological advancements and highlighted humanity's capacity to transform and alter landscapes. The technical knowledge of the British, in particular, was fundamental.

Workers of the Araraquara Railway. (1932-05) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Araraquara Railway

Year construction began: 1895
Year the first section was inaugurated: 1898
Length: 431 kilometers
Operational period: 1898-1971

Excerpt from the Noroeste Railway report showing views about Kaingang Indigenous people. (1933) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Progress?

The expansion of the railway network to western São Paulo led to conflicts with indigenous groups living there. The violence was legitimized by the discourse of a supposed "civilizing" project, presented as a necessary condition for São Paulo's progress. The train cut through their territory and decimated them.

Railway complex of the Noroeste do Brasil Railway in Bauru, São Paulo. (1950/1959) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Northwest Railway of Brazil

Year construction began: 1904
Year the first section was inaugurated: 1906
Length: 1,764 kilometers
Operational period: 1906-1957

First quartet of Palestra Itália of Araraquara, São Paulo. (1916) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

New times

With the arrival of the trains came European ideas, theories, and practices from the 19th century, which transformed the social and cultural life of the cities in São Paulo.

In a short time, bandstands, theaters, and cinemas appeared. Newspapers and circuses began to travel through the countryside. Associations of social groups were formed. In this context of valuing symbols of modernity such as spectacle, consumption, and physical education, football clubs emerged.

Postcard of the Fonte Luminosa Stadium, Araraquara. (1968) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

From stations to stadiums

Employment record book of Miguel do Carmo. (1925) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Ponte Preta Athletic Association

Founded on August 11, 1900, the same day and month as the arrival of the railroad in Campinas, 28 years later, A.A. Ponte Preta is the second oldest active club in the country.

Among its founders, including students, immigrants, and workers, was Miguel do Carmo, a railway worker for the Paulista Railway Company. The date and name chosen were a direct tribute to the railway. It is the club from the interior of São Paulo state that has contributed the most players to the Brazilian National Team in World Cups.

Field of Jundiahy Foot Ball Club. (1903) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Paulista Football Club

In 1903, employees of the Paulista Railway Company founded the Jundiahy Foot Ball Club. However, the club had a short lifespan and ceased operations in 1908.

On May 17th of the following year, supporters decided to re-establish it with a new name in homage to the railroad: thus, Paulista F.C. was born. Its stadium, Dr. Jayme Cintra, was named after the former president of the railroad. Its greatest glory was in 2005, when it won the Copa do Brasil.

Facade of the former wooden stadium of Esporte Clube Noroeste (ECN) in Bauru - SP. (1940/1950) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Northwest Sports Club

On September 1, 1910, workers from the Northwest Railway of Brazil founded the Northwest Sports Club (E.C. Noroeste) in Bauru.

The first major achievement came in 1943, when the club became the champion of the interior of the state. Five years later, it turned professional. It participated in the elite of national football in 1978, when it had Jairzinho, the "Hurricane of 70". The stadium's name honors one of the railway directors, Dr. Alfredo de Castilho.

Sócrates playing for Botafogo Football Club of Ribeirão Preto. (1976) by José PintoThe Football Museum

Botafogo Football Club

In the working-class neighborhood of Vila Tibério, in Ribeirão Preto, Botafogo F.C. was founded on October 12, 1918.

It emerged from the merger of three teams that included railway workers from the Mogiana Railway Company. In fact, the nickname "Panther of Mogiana" was given after the club won the Campeonato Paulista do Interior (São Paulo State Interior Championship) in 1927. It became nationally known for producing stars like the brothers Sócrates and Raí.

Players of the São Paulo Railway Athletic Club posing on the field. (1941) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Nacional Athletic Club

In 1895, employees of the S.P.R., including Charles Miller, organized a match that is considered one of the milestones of football in the country, in Várzea do Carmo.

The São Paulo Railway Athletic Club was only officially founded on February 16, 1919. The club adopted the name Nacional A.C. only in 1947, when the railway ceased to be English and was nationalized. The name of its stadium, Nicolau Alayon, honors the head of traffic for the S.P.R. and one of the main enthusiasts for its construction.

Players and members of Associação Atlética Ferroviária. (1931) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Ferroviária Athletic Association

Around 1930, it was common for railroad workers from Campos do Jordão and Central do Brasil to get together and play soccer.

The idea of ​​founding a sports club materialized on April 12th of that year, thus giving birth to A.A. Ferroviária. Five years later, the club acquired land next to the railway workshops for the construction of its first stadium. It experienced its peak in the 1950s.

Teams of E.C. São Bento and Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana F.C. in a pre-match posed photograph. (1960/1970) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Sorocabana Railway Football Club

On November 25, 1930, employees of the Sorocabana Railway founded São Paulo Futebol Clube, inspired by the homonymous club in the capital of São Paulo. This coincided with the transfer of the company's workshops to Sorocaba.

In 1939, the club changed its name to Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana F.C. Its emblem is shaped like a locomotive, and its stadium, located in the railway complex, honors one of its directors, Dr. Rui Costa Rodrigues.

Athletes and founders of Esporte Clube Mogiana in its early years as a club, when it was still called Contadoria da Cia. Mogiana. (1933) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Mogiana Sports Club

In Campinas, E.C. Mogiana was founded by workers from the railroad of the same name on June 7, 1933.

In addition to the name, the club adopted the company's colors: blue, yellow, and red, and honored one of its engineers by naming its stadium after him, Dr. Horácio Antônio da Costa. After experiencing its peak in the 1940s and 50s, it ceased operations in the 1960s with the decline of the Mogiana Railway Company.

Membership card of América FC. (1954) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

América Football Club

Under the leadership of Antonio Tavares de Lima, an engineer from E.F.A., América F.C. was founded in São José do Rio Preto on January 28, 1946.

The inaugural match was against A.A. Ferroviária, the team of Araraquara workers from the Cia. Paulista E.F. With just over a decade of existence, in 1958, América reached the elite of São Paulo football.

1980s lineup of Ferroviário Atlético Ituano. (1985) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Ituano Football Club

On May 24, 1947, employees of the Sorocabana Railway founded the Sorocabana Athletic Association in Itu.

In the 1950s, the club competed in regional amateur championships, relying on transportation provided by the railroad. In the 1960s, it changed its name to Ferroviário Atlético Ituano, adopting the definitive name Ituano F.C. in 1990. It has won the Campeonato Paulista twice, in 2002 and 2014.

Poster advertising a match between E.C. Mogiana and Associação Ferroviária. (1951) by Rights reserved.The Football Museum

Ferroviária Sports Association

The Associação Ferroviária de Esportes (Railway Sports Association) was founded on April 12, 1950, in Araraquara, in order to provide leisure activities for the workers of the E.F.A. (Estrada de Ferro Araraquara). The railway, in fact, inspired the club's color (maroon) and acronym (A.F.E., an anagram of E.F.A.).

The debut was against another railway club, E.C. Mogiana of Campinas. In six years, the team reached the elite of São Paulo football, becoming a breeding ground for stars. Since the beginning of the 21st century, it has become a benchmark in women's football, winning state, national and continental titles.

Ferroviária players celebrate the goal that won them the 2015 Libertadores title. (2015) by Tetê VivianiThe Football Museum

Credits: Story

FOOTBALL MUSEUM
São Paulo, December 2025.
 
IDBRASIL CULTURE, EDUCATION AND SPORT - Social Organization of Culture managing the Football Museum
Board of Directors
President - Dalton Pastore Junior
Executive Director - Renata Vieira da Motta
Administrative and Financial Director - Vitoria Boldrin
Technical Director - Marília Bonas
 
Exhibition "Tracks of the Ball: Railways and Football in the State of São Paulo"
Curatorship, research and texts: Letícia Marcolan and Marcel Tonini
Image licensing: Fabiana Neves
Metadata: Dóris Régis and Fabiana Neves
Revision: Fiorela Bugatti

This virtual exhibition was produced within the 2025 Season of the Football Museum, carried out with resources from the Federal Incentive Law to Culture.

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.

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