By ESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Donald Duck, Monica’s Gange e A Turma do Lambe-Lambe
José Francisco Queiroz, an advertising agent, collected the first copies of printed magazines published between 1940 and 2010. Donated to ESPM, collection No. 1, comprising of 995 issues, is part of the country's editorial memory. This exhibition is also one of the actions to celebrate 70 years of ESPM.
Infâncias plurais
Comic books became known, in Brazil, by the name "gibi" – a 1940's slang for kids. This association of comic books with children seems to be present since the appearance of the first publications of the genre here, with stories and characters aimed at young readers.
The titles gathered here bring representations of this youthful spirit and speak of the multiple childhoods that inhabit our cities, our times, our memories, and our imagination. That it reminds us that there is no single way to represent (and live) childhood.
The Donald Duck (1950) by Walt DisneyESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Donald Duck
This is the first issue of the Donald Duck comics published in Brazil. Published on July 12, 1950, by Editora Abril, the comics had been published in the United States since the 1930s.
The character Donald Duck, stubborn, grumpy, and unlucky, whose full name is Donald Fauntleroy Duck, was conceived in 1931 by the illustrator Ferdinand Hustzi Horvath.
His official debut came three years later, in the film The Wise Little Hen, based on Aesop's fable. Also in 1934, the film was published in the color Sunday tabloids.
In 1938, some comic strips were compiled and published in black and white in the first comic book of the grumpy duck: Walt Disney's Donald Duck. In Brazil, the comics achieved fame because it launched Editora Abril, created by Victor Civita.
This is contested by the journalist Carlos Maranhão, biographer of Victor's son and successor, Roberto Civita. According to Maranhão, Abril was founded in São Paulo at the end of 1947, by César Civita, Victor's brother.
Its first comic would have been Raio Vermelho (Red Ray), published in May 1950, and not Donald Duck, edited a month later. Both had been published since 1944 in Argentina, where the Civita family had already established Editorial Abril.
Controversy aside, the comic has been a hit since it was first published. The initial print run of over 82 thousand copies sold out in a short time.
Abril continued to edit Donald Duck until June 2018, when it announced the end of its partnership with Disney, holder of the rights to the character, amid a process of restructuring its operations.
Monica's Gang (1970) by Mauricio de SousaESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Turma da Mônica (Monica’s Gang)
Digitized cover of edition No. 1 of Turma da Mônica e seus amigos, sent by Mauricio de Souza Produções, in order to compose this exhibition.
Turma da Mônica has its origins in the comic strips drawn by Mauricio de Sousa for the newspaper Folha da Manhã, in 1959, now known as Folha de S. Paulo.
Initially, it focused on the characters Franjinha, the scientist boy, and Bidu, his pet dog. Both were featured in the comic book Zaz Traz in 1960, when Bidu was also given his comics by Editora Continental, which was, however, discontinued in 1961.
The gang then gained new characters: Cebolinha, created in 1960 as a secondary character in the comic strips of Franjinha and Bidu, quickly became the main character.
In 1963, Monica appears, the character inspired by the homonymous daughter of Mauricio, who becomes the protagonist of the gang.
Her comic book, named "Mônica e a sua turma", was published for the first time in 1970, in the so-called "formatinho" (reduced A5 format used in comic books), published by Editora Abril, remaining under this label until 1986.
Smudge: I'm here! (1982) by Mauricio de SousaESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Comic books of the other gang characters would also progressively appear: Cebolinha (1973), Cascão (1982), Chico Bento (1982) and Magali (1989).
Dedication by Maurício de Souza to José Francisco Queiroz.
Chuck Billy (1982) by Mauricio de SousaESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Chico Bento (1982) and Magali (1989).
Dedication by Maurício de Souza to José Francisco Queiroz.
Monica's Gang (1970) by Mauricio de SousaESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Turma da Mônica is later published by Editora Globo, from 1987 to 2006, and by Panini, from 2007 to the present day.
Monica Teen (2008) by Mauricio de SousaESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
As of 2008, the teen universe gained space in Maurício de Sousa's production, both through the publication of the Monica Teen comics, which portrays the characters of the group as teenagers, with a change of language and in a manga style, and with the Tina comics (2009).
Centered on the characters Tina, Rolo, Pipa, and Zecão, and in 2019, Generation 12 debuted, a pre-teen iteration in the manga that launches the label Mangá MSP.
Turma da Mônica’s comics was published in over 40 countries, in 14 languages. Besides comics, they also star in films and animated series, as in various licensed products, significantly composing consumer’s imagination in Brazil.
Turma do Lambe-Lambe (1982) by Daniel AzulayESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
A Turma do Lambe-Lambe
Published in May 1982 by Editora Abril, issue No. 1 of Turma do Lambe-Lambe is a rare volume. This comics lasted until 1984 and were never republished.
Composed by a group of circus children and talking animals, the visual artist and educator Daniel Azulay created the Gang.
Daniel Azulay (1947-2020) was a renowned Brazilian artist responsible for creating Turma do Lambe-Lambe and many other cultural products for children and young people such as books, video games, and cartoons. He created the show Oficina de Desenho Daniel Azulay on TV Bandeirantes.
The "Oficina" also operates as a workshop in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Turma do Lambe-Lambe (1982) by Daniel AzulayESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Some of his characters, such as Piparote and Pita, were born at the end of the 1960s in the comic strips of the newspapers Última Hora and Correio da Manhã, where the artist signed the comic strip Capitão Cipó.
In 1979, the character Gilda was featured on the pages of Última Hora in Rio de Janeiro. In 1980, comic strips from Circo Lambe-Lambe arrived at JB.
The artist's clean lines were associated with those of Belgian comic artists and revealed a clear influence of Walt Disney and cartoons from the 1930s and 1940s, such as Betty Boop...
in images like Damiana or the clown Tristinho
Azulay's characters gained visibility with television. Presented by him, the Gang debuted on the former Tevê Educativa in 1976, but gained national reach on Rede Bandeirantes de Televisão, where it remained until 1986.
Turma do Lambe-Lambe (1982) by Daniel AzulayESPM | O Inusitado em Constante Movimento
Between 1980 and 1990, Damiana, Tristinho, Pita, Ritinha, Gilda, Piparote, Professor Pirajá, and Xicória printed many children's products. In 2015, Ediouro launched the of Turma do Lambe-Lambe to commemorate 40 years of the franchise.
On TV, the characters did not take the form of a cartoon, being played by actors instead. In 1996, the Gang reappears in segments of Oficina de Desenho Daniel Azulay, at BAND, and participates in TV Rá-Tim-Bum (Tv Cultura, SP) and Canal Futura.
Work protected by Law 9,610/98. Total, partial, or commercial dissemination of this content is prohibited without prior authorization.
Donation
José Francisco Queiroz
Management of the collection
Library/PPGCOM-ESPM
Curatorship
Cátedra Memória Instituto Cultural ESPM
Grupo de Pesquisa MNEMON (ESPM/CNPq)
Grupo de Pesquisa LEMBRAR (ESPM-Rio/CNPq)
Curatorship and Editorial Research
Ana Lúcia Gimenez Ribeiro Lupinacci
Carolina Aranha Guimarães Oliveira
Cristina Helena Pinto de Mello
Débora Regina Bacega
Lucia Santa Cruz
Mônica Rebecca Ferrari Nunes
Pedro de Assis Pereira Scudeller
Wagner Alexandre Silva
Visual Identity of the Exhibition
Ana Lúcia Gimenez Ribeiro Lupinacci
Information Management
Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone
Débora Matos da Silva
Karina Yoshida
Matheus Felipini Fernandes da Silva
Regiane Aparecida Correia Melo
Santiago Mendes Araújo
Copies of Collection No. 1 are available for consultation at the ESPM Library - SP. Access the exhibition catalog here.
