Paisagem com barco e pescadores by Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
Dear visitor, how are you? I am a work of art and I would like to invite you to share my concerns. To do so, I need you to appreciate me and, at the end of this exhibition, draw your own conclusions.
Welcome!
I come from 19th-century France. After several comings and goings, I became a permanent part of the MNBA’s collection in 2005 through a generous donation. I was featured in two exhibitions: “19th-Century European Art” (MNBA, 1984) and “French Painting: From Its Origins to the Present” (MASP, 1991).
My sky is of modest appearance, compared to the vastness of the green area that fills me. It is heavy: although clear, and not denoting a storm, it is less blue and white and more gray.
My trees are immense, especially when compared to the small size of the two fishermen venturing down the river in their boat. One is standing and the other is sitting with his back turned. The first holds a fishing rod. He seems attentive, observing the landscape.
Paisagem com barco e pescadores by Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
I am framed within a thick wooden structure, which makes me appear more imposing, despite recognizing myself as a small work. I don't have, for example, the dimensions of 1.5 m × 2.6 m like "The Stone Breakers," a great testament to the talent of my possible creator.
Paisagem com barco e pescadores by Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
I reinforce... my possible creator... Besides his name engraved on the bottom of the frame that houses me, I have a signature in the lower right corner. G Courbet, painted in red gouache, is not enough to silence the doubts about my origin.
Paisagem com barco e pescadores by Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
Was I painted by the brushstrokes of Gustave Courbet, or did some disciple – a forger, some would say – carve me with the supposed signature of the master of Realism?
Paisagem com barco e pescadores by Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
I underwent analyses to verify Courbet's authorship, conducted by French institutions with sufficient credentials to do so. One of them suggests that I was painted by a less scrupulous disciple. Another says that my signature is crude and came after my creation.
Reprodução do autorretrato do jovem Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
Courbet was born in 1819 in Ornans. His early works already set him apart from the Romantics. In the 1840s, this supposed creator of mine abandoned the paintbrush and began painting with a steel palette knife.
Reprodução do autorretrato Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
This innovation allowed him to apply paint abundantly to the canvas, which drew keen admiration from the Impressionists. In 1855, after two of his works were rejected for the Universal Exhibition in Paris, he set up his "Pavilion of Realism" near the official exhibition.
A socialist activist and relentless critic of the French Empire, he led a bohemian life amid the harsh criticism and effusive praise that surrounded him, primarily for the same reason: the rawness of his paintings, which he called “contemporary art.”
He painted nudes, reliefs, animals, vegetation, and workers with an ardent passion. Ill and exiled after participating in the Paris Commune, he died in 1877.
And his genius remains evident to this day, whether through research into his life and through the contemplation of his numerous paintings.
Paisagem com barco e pescadores by Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
Back to appreciating myself
As you can see, I don't have a profusion of colors. Nothing much beyond the browns, the greens, and the aforementioned triad of colors that forms my sky.
In this respect, I bear no resemblance whatsoever to, for example, “The Valley of the Loue under a Stormy Sky”.
However, this painting by Courbet is also of modest size, like mine. It measures 54 x 65 cm...
Allow me another comparison: now, with the work “The Black Creek”.
In that painting, there is even less space for the sky. Just as my title highlights the fishermen, who are more luminous, in the central position and closer to the viewer...
But while emphasizing the trees, this authentic Courbet highlights the stream, but it's impossible not to be drawn to them as well! The trees surround both the works and the central figures!
I would be a dark canvas, were it not for the glare that stands out slightly above the characters and the shadows projected onto the river's waters, created from my only warm, orangey tones. What are they? What did my creator intend to evoke in the viewer by highlighting them?
I think a few brief reflections on the authorship of works of art are appropriate in these musings of mine, since I have brought to your attention the doubts about my origins...
When a work is donated by the artist himself and is signed, there is no doubt: it is his work.
If there is an original that closely resembles a work already recognized as belonging to a particular artist, we say that it is a copy. It is a copy of the original when it is made directly from the original.
If a work is unsigned but shows signs that a particular artist produced it – based on research ranging from texts about the artist to comparative analysis of their artistic output – it is usually said that the work is attributed to them.
Paisagem com barco e pescadores by Gustave CourbetMuseu Nacional de Belas Artes
Another case of attribution arises when a work is purportedly signed by the artist, but there are doubts as to whether the signature is actually his. This is my case! Scholars doubt that this painting—likely painted en plein air in Saintonge—was signed by Courbet himself.
Now, let me have a conversation with you! What really matters to you when you look at this painting? Is it knowing for sure whether the artist is a famous painter, taking in the landscape in a carefree way, or carefully examining every detail of the painting? Are there other details that interest you?
Enjoy...
"Am I a Courbet? Musings of a Restless Work of Art"
Curated by: Cintya Callado
Designed especially for Google Arts & Culture, 2026.
Sources/References:
MNBA Registration Center.
Documentation of the donation of the work made by Augusto Carlos Silva Telles and Irene Maria Guimarães Ferreira da Silva.
Documentation of the analyses authored by the Gustave Courbet Museum and the Orsay Museum
DIAS, Elaine. A renovação da pintura de paisagem no século XIX: O plein air, a École de Barbizon e a formação francesa de Henri-Nicolas Vinet. 2024.
JOYEUX-PRUNEL, Béatrice. A internacionalização da pintura vanguardista, de Courbet a Picasso: uma transferência cultural e seus quiproquós. 2016.
GUIMARÃES, José. O lugar do espectador em Courbet.
Biblioteca do MNBA.
GUSTAVE COURBET. Victor Civita Ed. 1968.
COURBET. LEGER, Charles. Paris Braun, s/d.
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