Professor David Hawkes (1923–2009) and Professor John Minford (1946-) are renowned Sinologist, much celebrated for their scholarship and creative ingenuity, and highly regarded for their masterful translations of Chinese literature. They worked closely for the translation of the Penguin Classics version of Cao Xueqin’s great 18th-century novel: The Story of the Stone.
This varied collection of items from Hawkes and Minford, includes a rich assembly of nianhua (Chinese New Year pictures), pieces of calligraphy and paintings. These valuable items all bear witness to an enduring tradition of sinology and art, one that has strived to convey to the world some of the delights and glories of China’s literary past.
Nianhua (Chinese New Year pictures)
1950s to 1980s
These beautifully executed colour woodblock nianhua are both artistically and historically interesting. Images in the nianhua show military campaign, election, Chinese calendar, celebration of Chinese New Year and many other themes.
Strive to Cross the Yellow RiverThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Strive to cross the Yellow River
circa 1950
This powerful image is also by Yan Han, who went to the Taihang Mountains and worked as an army artist. Many of his works are now held in the National Art Museum of China.
On 30 June 1947, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main force of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army as they crossed the Yellow River in southwest Shandong.
Electing the People’s Representatives (1950)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Electing the People’s Representatives
1950
This nianhua depicting a busy room full of people at a local election. Some cast votes into a green vase at the left, while others appear to be holding a heated discussion about the candidates and the election.
A man at the table wearing a blue cap is helping an elderly woman, who is probably illiterate, to write down the candidate’s name.
Making Shoes for the SoldiersThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Making shoes for the soldiers
circa 1959
Zhang Jingwen
Chinese woodblock nianhua in colour, showing a group of women making shoes by hand for the People’s Liberation Army who were fighting on the front line. Man to the right of the picture is collecting the finished shoes.
An interior scene in a Northern Chinese rural area. Young children, members of the Communist Youth League of China, are preparing gifts and writing letters to the People’s Liberation Army for the Chinese New Year.
The original nianhua was created by Chinese artist Zhang Ding (1917 - 2010) in 1947 and it is now held in the National Art Museum of China. Over Zhang’s prolific 70-year career he produced many artworks including Chinese brush paintings, cartoons, murals, nianhua, posters, designs for stamps, stage design and much more. Zhang Ding and another famous Chinese painter Zhou Lingzhao jointly designed the Logo of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.
To Be EducatedThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
To be educated
circa 1950
Deng Shu
A group of women and children are reading and learning together. In the centre two young women are teaching an elderly woman to read.
In the background a woman and a child were practicing writing characters on a blackboard.
Minguo 38 Calendar and Chart of Solar TermsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Minguo 38 Calendar and Chart of Solar Terms
circa 1949
The upper section of the nianhua shows a combined Chinese lunar and Gregorian calendar for 1949 accompanied by various agricultural activities for each solar period during the year.
Below, a rural scene depicts two farmers and a peasant woman walking to work with a bullock and a donkey.
Putting Spring Festival couplets up (1950) by Jing LangThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Putting Spring Festival couplets up
1950
Jing Lang
A festival scene of local villagers helping a serviceman’s family to prepare for the Chinese New Year. Some decorate the house with couplets and red flags, others deliver food, and a few play festive music.
The original nianhua from which this print was created, was published in 1947 by the Chinese artist Jin Lang. A copy of the original nianhua is now held in the National Art Museum of China.
The majority of the designs in this nianhua collection reflect the traditional themes celebrating the Chinese New Year, with familiar images of plump young children, roosters, goldfish, carps and phoenix.
Water MarginThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
“Water Margin” and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms”
This collection of thirteen coloured woodblock prints comprises 12 portraits of fictional figures from the Chinese classic “Water Margin”
Nianhua: “Guan Yu” from “Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (1945)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
and portrait of “Guan Yu” from another classic “Romance of the Three Kingdoms”.
Kitchen God (c. 1983)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Kitchen God
circa 1983
The upper section of this nianhua depicts the Kitchen God with his two wives. At the edges, we can see people bringing offerings, usually food, to the Kitchen God's temple.
The nianhua prints or other paper images of the Kitchen God are usually placed above the family stove. People believe that at the end of the year, the ever-watchful Kitchen God will report the family affairs of the past year to the Jade Emperor.
The Art Collection
This painting was presented by Ding Yanyong as a gift to David and Jean Hawkes. Ding Yanyong was a notable Chinese artist. He was known for his innovative and modern approach to traditional Chinese painting, blending Eastern and Western artistic techniques and styles.
Flourishing as the Pine Tree (2002) by Jao Tsung-IThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Flourishing as the Pine Tree
An elegant Chinese scroll painting by Jao Tsung-I, a renowned sinologist, historian, painter, and calligrapher from Hong Kong. It was gifted to John Minford and Rachel May, for use as the cover illustration for a publication celebrating Professor Hawkes's 80th birthday.
Good Things can be Communicated Well (1990-09-05) by Gu Cheng (1956 - 1993)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Ink Drawings by Gu Cheng
1990
Good Things can be Communicated Well (1990-09-05) by Gu Cheng (1956-1993)The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Collection of original 7 ink drawings by Chinese poet Gu Cheng, who was a prominent Chinese modern poet.
This drawing was inscribed by Gu Cheng and given to John Minford and his spouse Rachel.
This exquisite calligraphy with a seal was presented by Fang Zhaolin to Professor Hawkes. The poem on the fan leaves was written to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. David Hawkes and Mrs Fang shared a lasting friendship that began in the 1950s. They met when Fang Zhaolin came to Oxford from Hong Kong. At that time, she had been studying painting with Zhang Daqian and Chinese literature with Jao Tsung-I.
Works by Fang Zhaoling (autographed copy) (1992) by Fang ZhaolingThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Works by Fang Zhaoling (autographed copy)
The book Fang Zhaolin shu hua (Calligraphies and paintings of Fang Zhaolin) was presented as a gift to David Hawkes and his wife Jean, with inscriptions written by the author in beautiful calligraphy.
Works by Fang Zhaoling (autographed copy) (1992) by Fang ZhaolingThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Collection of Seal Impressions of The Twelve Beauties of Jinling by Wang ShaoshiThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Library
Collection of Seal Impressions of The Twelve Beauties of Jin
circa 1980
Wang Shaoshi
Inscribed and presented by the President of Chinese Dream of the Red Chamber Society, Feng Qiyong to David Hawkes.
The twelve beauties of Jinling are the twelve main female characters in the Chinese classics “Dream of the Red Chamber”, such as Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai.
In this ironic Chinese calligraphy-style cartoon, Cao Xueqin, the author of 'Dream of the Red Chamber,' teases a scholar by asking, 'Why are you counting my white hairs?'