Astrophysics

Also, the infrared range of the electromagnetic radiation and weightlessness are investigated.

According to the Big Bang theory, the entire Universe was inside a bubble that was thousands of times smaller than a pinhead. It was hotter and denser than anything we can imagine. Then, it suddenly exploded.

The universal principle of development is spiral expansion out of the center towards the periphery. The more the universe expands, the more it cools. We know about this because of relic radiation, which is the leftover radiation from the Big Bang.

Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer who lived between 85 and 165 A.D. He took the ideas and observations put forth by Aristotle and Hipparchus along with his own, and developed them into his geocentric theory.

Ptolemy used math to describe how the planets, sun, and stars revolved around the earth. He calculated that each planet moves in its own small circular path, while at the same time moving in a large circle around the earth.

Copernicus was born on the 19th of February, 1473, and died on the 24th of May, 1543. He was born in Thorn, Royal Prussia, which was part of the Kingdom of Poland at the time.

The Ptolemaic model was thought to be true for 1,300 years until Copernicus’ heliocentric model. Ptolemy’s model stated that the earth was in the center and the sun revolved around it, but Copernicus found out that it was quite the opposite.

Albert Einstein was a German theoretical physicist born in 1879. At the age of 37, he developed and published the general theory of relativity, which would go on to become 1 of the 2 pillars of modern physics. 

The General Theory of Relativity was developed by Einstein in 1915. The theory states that it is impossible to distinguish or tell the difference between gravity and the force of inertia of a moving object.

Space and time were combined into 1 entity called “spacetime” because per relativity equations, both space and time coordinates must mix together to accurately describe what we see.

Imagine space like a rubber sheet. If you stretch it and place a mass in the middle and roll a ping-pong ball past the mass, it will curve towards the mass. Similarly, when spacetime is curved, objects will appear to be attracted towards mass. 

They are usually what is left of very big stars that have exploded (these are called supernovas). Some are what happen to a white dwarf (small star) that has a lot of energy.

All stars have a magnetic field inside of them. When a star collapses, it becomes smaller. This means that the magnetism is pushed into a smaller area and the magnetic field is stronger nearer the star.

The Horsehead Nebula, also known as Barnard 33, is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion that is рart of the much larger Orion complex. It's located just to the south of the star Alnitak found on the farthest east on Orion's Belt.

An emission and reflection nebula found in the constellation of Orion, NGC 2023 was discovered by William Herschel in 1785. One of the largest reflection nebulae ever discovered, it is also known as LBN 954.

The center of a black hole is called the singularity or Inner Event Horizon. This is where gravity's pull is almost impossibly strong. So strong that time and space as we know it don't exist in the singularity.

Spaghettification is the infinite vertical stretching and horizontal compression of objects into long thin shapes ( like spaghetti). Near black holes, the stretching is so powerful that no object can withstand it, no matter how strong its components.