The Performing Arts: An Express Tour

From Indonesian Wayang to Brazilian Samba

By Google Arts & Culture

Detail, A (Balinese) Tempest (2005) by ShadowLight ProductionsShadowLight Productions

Whether it's the plays of Minoan Crete or the Sanskrit dramas of ancient India, people have been expressing themselves on stage for millennia. The performing arts endure in many different forms today, offering a mirror to society's struggles, hopes and joys.

The Cunning Little Vixen, National Theatre Opera (2014/2015) by Leoš JanáčekPrague National Theatre

From the haunting masks of Japanese Noh to the swelling arias of Italian opera, the performing arts cover a rich variety of styles and subject matter. Let's take an express tour around the world and check out five unique art forms.

Noh mask Chujo (17th-18th century, Edo period) by UnknownTachibana Museum

1. Noh

With its origins in the 14th century, Noh is a traditional Japanese theatrical art blending music, dance, and drama. It's characterized by its slow, ritualistic movements, haunting masks, and minimalist stage design.

Een Noh masker (ca. 1890 - ca. 1900) by Kuninao, UtagawaRijksmuseum

In Noh theater, the interplay between the earthly and the ethereal is a recurring theme – vengeful spirits and the ghosts of historic figures frequently appear. The use of masks only emphasizes this sense of the otherworldly.

Wayang Kulit performance and gamelan musicians, Java (1897/1897)Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen

2. Wayang

Wayang is a form of Indonesian shadow puppetry with puppets cast against a luminous backlit screen, representing characters from Hindu epics and local folklore. Accompanied by a gamelan orchestra, Wayang involves skilled puppeteers known as 'dalang'. 

Puntadewa (Surakarta)Unit Pengelola Museum Seni

As the flickering light casts magical shadows, audiences are transported into a realm where the Hindu epics – the Ramayana and the Mahabharata – are brought to life.

Rama and SidaQueen Sirikit Museum of Textiles

3. Khon

Khon is a mesmerizing Thai dance-drama, with intricate choreography, elaborate costumes, and symbolic masks. Originating from ancient royal courts, it brings to life tales from the Ramakien, Thailand's epic saga.

"Dressing Gods and Demons: Costume for Khon" ExhibitionQueen Sirikit Museum of Textiles

Each movement in Khon, precise and graceful, intricately weaves tales of gods, demons, and heroes from the Ramakien. 

Production photograph 3, Milan Sládek – Eduard Žlábek: The Bump (1962) by Alexander NagyThe Theatre Institute

4. Mime

Originating from ancient Greek and Roman theater traditions, mime has evolved over centuries into a diverse and expressive art form. At its core, mime emphasizes the use of gesture, posture, facial expressions, and body language to communicate without words.

Marcel Marceau The Mime by Gjon MiliLIFE Photo Collection


Mime, with its emphasis on exaggerated movements and precise physicality, is able to transcend linguistic boundaries, making it a popular art form for street performers in cosmopolitan cities.

Carnaval: rainha de bateria da escola de samba 'Império de Casa Verde' (2013-02-10) by Robson VenturaFolha de S.Paulo

5. Samba

Samba is a vibrant Brazilian dance and musical genre, originating from Afro-Brazilian communities. Its energetic rhythms, syncopated beats, and lively movements reflect a blend of African, European, and Indigenous influences.

Suburban Carnival (1962) by Di CavalcantiMuseus Castro Maya

Performed during Carnaval celebrations and other festive occasions, Samba features intricate footwork, hip sways, and expressive gestures, creating a spectacle of color and rhythm.

Spanish Ballet (1862) by Edouard ManetThe Phillips Collection

This is only a glimpse into the world of performing arts. From Kabuki's storytelling to Flamenco's rhythms, there is a bewildering variety for you to discover. Why not gather your thoughts in one of these virtual theaters before continuing on your journey?

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The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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