Normal de profesoras from Oaxaca
Scrapbook developed to participate in the Paris universal exhibition of 1900
By Biblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Jorge González Galdamez
Plano de la Escuela Normal para Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Foundation
The Normal School of Teachers was buit on January 12th, 1890, in the Government of Albino Zertuche. The school prepared women for teaching. By 1893 there were two study plans, one for elementary school teachers and another for upper primary teachers.
Dirección de la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by S/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Direction
The head of The Normal School of Teachers was the establishment manager and the only one who dealt with the Government about the stablishment. Also was the president of the economic board, pedagogical conferences and the person responsible for the general atendanse of workers.
Salón de actos de la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Assembly Hall
Normal academic meetings and pedagogical conferences were held in the assembly hall. This space was also used to carry out graduation exams.
Biblioteca de la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Library
Ana Ramiro de Figueroa ( school teacher) took on the task of forming the institution's library and through a campaign of requests to any possible donor she managed to integrate an important collection. The works were acquired in relation to the subjects taught on school.
Las y los catedráticos de la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
The teaching staff
The teachers had the obligation to attend classes punctually, to the sessions of the academic board, present the teaching program of the subjects assigned to them, carry out the commissions that the head entrusted to them, and supervise the students.
Clase de Gimnasia de la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
The students
To be a student at the Normal de Profesoras the following conditions were needed: Be over 15 years old; be healthy and vaccinated; possess elementary and higher education; be of good morals.
Clase de Dibujo en la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Admission
The students' admission exams and registrations were verified in the first seven days of each year. There were two types of students: the normalistas and the volunteers. The first wanted to obtain their teaching degree and the others attended some classes.
Clase de Geografía en la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
The retired students
Starting in 1894, scholarships were granted by the State Government to a representative of each of the districts into which the Oaxacan territory was divided. The chosen applicants agreed to serve for three years in the Official State Schools.
Salón de labores en la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
End-of-course exams and grades.
The end-of-course exams were held in November, were public and were general repetitions of the subjects covered during the year. The grades were by numbers: 1=Bad, 2=Fair, 3=Good and 4=Very good.
Clase de Música vocal en la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Professional exams
The exams were held at any time of the year, the process began with the student submitting a request to the head of the Normal School and it had to be demonstrated that all the subjects in the study plan had been passed.
Clase de Inglés en la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
Once this was verified, the director appointed a jury with three teachers per subject and she presided over it. The exam consisted of a written dissertation, an oral exam and a practical class. There were only variations if the exam was for elementary or higher education.
The Practical School annexed to the Normal
The Practical School was under the administration of the head of the Normal School and had a representative with the title of Deputy head. The teaching staff of the Practical School consisted of the Deputy head and two assistant teachers.
Alumnas de la Escuela Práctica Anexa a la Normal de Profesoras (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
The students of the Practical School
To enter the practical school it was necessary to be over 6 years old and under 14 years old, not suffer from contagious diseases and have been vaccinated.The number of students in the School was 24 in the four elementary years and 20 in each of the upper years.
Estudiantes de la Escuela Práctica Anexa (1900) by s/aBiblioteca Francisco de Burgoa (BFB-UABJO)
The evaluation of the students was carried out bimonthly and, as with normal students, the grade ranged from 1 to 4, from bad to very good. End-of-course exams were also held, these were public, they were carried out collectively by department.
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