An earthquake marked the origin of the Guelaguetza

In January 1931, a strong earthquake destroyed a large part of Verde Antequera. In January of the following year, Alfonso Caso directed the work that led to the discovery of the treasures of Tomb 7 of Monte Albán, a worldwide archaeological event. 

In April of that same year, among various events to celebrate the IV Centenary of the city and to raise the spirits of a destroyed city, the so-called Racial Tribute was held.

During that month the jewels from Tomb 7 were exhibited and various cultural programs and exhibitions were held.

Within the framework of the festivities of 1932, the organizing committee considered that the delegations that attended the IV Centennial of the city of Oaxaca, should be headed by women.

In the 1930s, Jacobo Dalevuelta wrote: “Lunes del Cerro. Sanctuary exhibition of silks and European fashions and silks and satins dignified with the ball shawl, by the Chinese forgers of the popular soul, jeweled with gold and corals".

In order to recognize elements that allow us to appreciate the changes in the celebrations of Lunes del Cerro, I describe part of what happened on April 25, 1932. At the end, the Oaxacan Oath of Fidelity is included.

The activities concluded with the National Anthem of Mexico. Classical music was performed by the Centennial Symphony Orchestra, the Mexican melodies were performed by the State Music Band, and the music of the towns was played by the respective typical orchestras and bands.

According to the journalistic chronicles of those days, what was most abundant was Oaxacan music: El Nito, Cántaro de Coyotepec, Mañanitas oaxaqueñas, Tortolita cantadora, La Espinaleña, Juanita, La Sandunga and the waltz considered the regional anthem of Oaxaca: Dios Nunca Muere.

The participation of the indigenous peoples was conceived through a solemn parade of regions, all the regions were presided over "... by two venerable old men who carry the cane with blue ribbons, symbol of the supreme Authority of the region... "