Chain of Rocks, Mississippi River (1912)The State Historical Society of Missouri
St. Louis established 1764
By the 1850s St. Louis required infrastructure improvements. In 1855, 10,000 acres northeast of the city was for sale. Around 1860, officials were looking for a spot near the river suitable for a new waterworks. The waterworks and river access to the south was contaminated.
Chain of Rocks
Chain of Rocks was named by Native American tribes local to the area who used it as a natural low-water bridge to cross the Mississippi River during the dry season. Whether crossing for conflict or exploration the Chain of Rocks has drawn people to the area for centuries.
Waterworks
In 1863, legislation passed enabling the city to create a new waterworks system to draw water from the Mississippi River. They became an iconic part of the Chain of Rocks coastline in 1887 when the first low water pumping station was built. The water plant was completed in 1894.
Gardens at Chain of Rocks by Dickman, BernardThe State Historical Society of Missouri
Waterworks Park
In 1893, the Brown and Robertson families sold 29 acres of land to the city, to be named Waterworks Park. Executives at the Waterworks thought that a park near the plant would be an excellent place to store excess water for emergency use and took their new roles seriously.
St. Louis Star and Times, March 14, 1917
In the early 1900s, as many as 10,000 visitors per week rode the Waterworks trolley out to their park. Early portions of the park were designed by Maximillian Kern, who also designed Forest Park. Both locations were considered for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
Chain of Rocks Waterworks Plant (1907)The State Historical Society of Missouri
The park had brick barbecue pits, geometric flower gardens, benches, and a comfort station. Picnickers could also take a steamboat ride or visit one of the two nearby taverns at the top of the bluff, Hoffmans and Dillmann's Groves. The parks popularity continued into the 1920s.
Chain of Rocks Amusement Park (1927)The State Historical Society of Missouri
As visitors continued to stream into the park, additional entertainment options began to appear in the early 1920s. Over the next 4 years, an amusement park emerged on the hills above the waterworks, owned by John Hoffman. The new park was called Parkview Amusement Park.
Chain of Rocks Amusement Park (1927)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Summer time
One early attraction was the Olympic-sized swimming pool. The pool was often referred to as the Big Pool on the Hill, and by 1927 had already been remodeled and redecorated. Work also began on a dog racing track.
Other attractions included the whip, a dodgem car pavilion, a 46-horse hand-carved carousel built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company in 1922, a penny arcade, an open-air ballroom, the Comet, a large wooden roller coaster, & the Swooper Ferris wheel that moved in an oval shape.
Chain of Rocks bridge (1940)The State Historical Society of Missouri
New bridge
The racetrack generated new interest in the park at Chain of Rocks, but so did construction on the new bridge that was chartered to be built near the Waterworks. Work began on the bridge in October 1927 and was completed in January 1929.
The new bridge created greater access to Chain of Rocks Park, Parkview Amusement Park, and even downtown St. Louis. Unfortunately, it did not generate as much traffic as the bridge promoters had hoped, and the company that operated it went bankrupt by 1932.
Chain of Rocks bridge (1940)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Chain of Rocks Bridge
Route 66 was rerouted to cross the Chain of Rocks bridge in 1935. The re-routing of Route 66 generated better roads and new businesses near the bridge, including a gas station, and bolstered business at the amusement park.
John A. Hoffman
Hoffman managed the Parkview Amusement Park until 1940; his brother Christian took over the day-to-day operations of the park soon after. Not long after, John left the Hoffmans got into a dispute with the game’s supplier for their penny arcade, Carl Trippe.
Trippe was the owner of the Ideal Novelty Co., a company he started in 1935 that supplied phonographs jukeboxes, and vending machines, including gaming machines and pinball machines, to amusement vendors across the St. Louis area. In 1941 and 1943, Trippe was under scrutiny by the St. Louis County Sheriff's Department for installing illegal gambling machines in penny arcades. The Hoffmans either disapproved of this behavior so completely that they felt the need to fire Trippe.
St. Louis Star and Times (1943)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Plot twist
Unfortunately for the Hoffmans, Trippe was very well-connected in the St. Louis area and was able to purchase all the public shares of the Parkview Amusement Park that the Hoffman family did not directly own, forcing them out of their own family-run business.
Dining Room and Bar (1945)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Fine dining
Trippe took over the amusement park sometime between 1942 and 1944 and started making improvements. The Sky Garden Bar and Restaurant, which overlooked the Mississippi River, was completed in 1945 and offered a fine dining in contrast to the fair concessions previously offered.
Kid zone
Trippe also added a complete circuit of Kiddie Land rides on the property, which offered scaled-down versions of larger rides to provide safe entertainment for young children.
Ideal Roller Rink (1950)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Ideal roller rink
In 1950, Trippe opened one of his most popular ventures, the Ideal Roller Rink, . The Parkview Amusement Park was well known during Trippe’s ownership for its community outreach. He often hosted large events such as the Easter Egg Hunt that lasted after his death in 1955.
Holiday Hill Amusement to Fun Fair Park
In 1958 Margaret Trippe sold the park to William Zimmerman and Ken Thone. The brothers-in-law operated Holiday Hill Amusement Park at Natural Bridge went into business together again. Zimmerman owned it and Thone was manager. They renamed it the Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks.
Fun Fair Park (1969)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks
By 1958, the park needed extensive repairs. The new owners removed the Comet and the bandstand and converted the roller rink into a miniature golf course. The park a fresh start with experienced amusement park men, Zimmerman and Thone. They catered heavily to school groups.
Live music
In the 1960s, many locals visited the park regularly and developed fond memories of the Fun Fair. The new owners also contracted with a local radio station and began to hold splash parties. They featured live music; Ike and Tina Turner, Bob Kuban, and the In Men drawing crowds.
1963 was another pivotal year for the Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks. On July 19, 1963, the Forest Park Highlands Amusement Park was almost entirely destroyed by a fire.
Flying Jets ride (1963) by Witman, ArthurThe State Historical Society of Missouri
A Ferris wheel, Tilt-A-Whirl, and a flying jets ride were transferred to Chain of Rocks after being saved from the fire. The blaze destroyed one of St. Louis's most beloved amusement parks and forced patrons to travel outside the city center to find this kind of fun.
Desegregation
Perhaps the most significant change to occur at the park in 1963 was integration of the swimming pool. After 19 days of picketing, and a season of boycotting by black school and church groups it integrated in August. Carl Henderson, a 13 year old boy was the first in the pool.
The 1960s continued to be profitable years for the Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks, reaching a fever pitch in the summer of 1970. In 1971, a new type of amusement park opened near St. Louis called Six Flags. It was the beginning of the end for traditional amusement parks the county.
Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks Park (1978)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Decline
A steady decline in visitors followed the opening of Six Flags. In 1973, a fire destroyed the Sky Garden Bar and Restaurant and the offices used to manage the amusement park. In 1975, Holiday Hill closed, and the remaining rides were taken to the Fun Fair to bolster attractions.
Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks Park (1978)The State Historical Society of Missouri
In the late 1970s, additional fires ravaged the park, destroying a refreshment stand in 1976 and the dodgem car pavilion in 1977. On the following Labor Day, Thone closed the Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks Park for good.
Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks Park (1978)The State Historical Society of Missouri
Closing
On Labor Day 1977, Thone closed the Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks Park for good. In 1978, what was left of the park was auctioned off to a lackluster crowd; the Swooper sold for a discouraging 1,500 dollars, and scavengers carried away what was left after the auction concluded.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch (1995) by St. Louis Post-DispatchThe State Historical Society of Missouri
Revitalization unrealized
In 1980, 22 acres that once housed the Fun Fair at Chain of Rocks were listed for sale, but it seems that the property was never purchased. In 1995, the city of St. Louis proposed building a city casino but the project never came to fruition.
The current entrance to the Chain of Rocks Bridge shows the new park. Open daily, visitors can walk or bike across the same bridge Route 66 travelers once drove.
Authored by Ashley Weaver, Archivist, State Historical Society of Missouri.
Check out more Route 66 articles in the Missouri Encyclopedia.
Find more Missouri Route 66 images in SHSMO Digital Collections.
See Missouri locations along the Mother Road on this Missouri Route 66 History StoryMap.
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