La xylothèqueMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
A library like no other
The shelves are filled with perfectly aligned works, each with their own handwritten label, camouflaged like a library for all who see it.
However, on closer inspection …
Notice the texture of the spines—they are made of bark! The wood in this xylothèque is presented in the form of little boards cut vertically from tree trunks, from the bark to the heartwood, measuring about 8 inches high, 6 inches wide, and 2 inches thick (20 cm x 15 cm x 5 cm).
Détail de la xylothèqueMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
Plenty of interest
Xylothèques (collections of samples of various types of wood) are of interest for both aesthetic and scientific reasons. If the samples have their date and location recorded, they can be useful for tree-ring dating. We can also study the physical properties of the wood, such as its density and resistance.
Le genre Quercus, les chênesMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
History, records, and anecdotes
Oaks, which belong to the Quercus genus, are the most common trees in European forests. Here are two green oaks, a pedunculate oak, a sessile oak, and a chestnut-leaved oak.
Tranche de Gommier bleu Eucalyptus globulus by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
Common eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus trees are pyrophytes. Strangely, some plants need fire and even create favorable conditions for it themselves. That is the case with this tree, whose emissions of oils, carpet of leaves, and stance all favor the onset and propagation of fire.
Tranche de Sequoia toujours vert, Sequoia sempervirens by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
California redwood tree
Specimens of this tree are capable of reaching the loftiest heights. In California, where it is from, they can exceed 330 feet (100 m), the record being held by a tree 380 feet (116 m) tall.
Tranche d'oranger des osages Maclura pomifera by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
Osage orange tree
This species is originally from North America. The properties of its wood made it highly prized for the production of bows by indigenous people, particularly the Osage Nation.
Tranche de Robinier faux-acacia Robinia pseudoacacia by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
Black locust tree
This native North American tree was introduced to France by Jean Robin, who was Henri IV's gardener. In fact, the oldest planted tree in Paris is a locust, planted in 1602 by that same gardener in the city's botanical garden.
Tranche d'olivier d'Europe, Olea europaea 2/2 by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
Olive tree
Its remarkable longevity, with several 1,000-year-old specimens having been reported, its tortuous trunk, its hard wood, its silvery leaves, and its cultivation in the Mediterranean region for about 6,000 years all make this tree a symbol of the Mediterranean
Tranche de pommier commun Malus domestica by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
Apple tree
Today, the apple tree is probably the most cultivated species. We owe its cultivation to the painstaking selection process carried out by brown bears! Among the wide range of sizes, shapes, and flavors, bears chose the best of them to eat, thereby participating in their reproduction and distribution.
Les MicocouliersMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
European nettle tree
The Muséum de Nîmes couldn't fail to have a sample of the European nettle tree—they line the city's avenues. This tree came to symbolize the region, having been used to make whips, pitchforks, splints, and stringed musical instruments.
Allées Jean JaurèsMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
Typical of southern France, you can find them in every city, and Nîmes is no exception, with its quadruple row of these trees offering some very welcome shade to residents as they stroll down Avenue Jean Jaurès.
In 1904, Louis Roux's daughters contacted the curator of the Muséum de Nîmes. Their father had died and they wanted to donate his collection. Louis Roux (1825–1904) was a forest inspector. Passionate about his work, he collected Mediterranean and exotic species of wood. These are the wood samples that now make up the xylothèque.
Realization: Ville de Nîmes - Muséum d'histoire naturelle et de préhistoire
Iconography: © Ville de Nîmes - Muséum d'histoire naturelle et de préhistoire