The Xylothèque of a Tree Lover

Louis Roux's Unusual Library

La xylothèqueMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

A library like no other

The shelves are filled with perfectly aligned works, each with their own handwritten label, camouflaged like a library for all who see it.

However, on closer inspection …

Notice the texture of the spines—they are made of bark! The wood in this xylothèque is presented in the form of little boards cut vertically from tree trunks, from the bark to the heartwood, measuring about 8 inches high, 6 inches wide, and 2 inches thick (20 cm x 15 cm x 5 cm).

Détail de la xylothèqueMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

Plenty of interest

Xylothèques (collections of samples of various types of wood) are of interest for both aesthetic and scientific reasons. If the samples have their date and location recorded, they can be useful for tree-ring dating. We can also study the physical properties of the wood, such as its density and resistance.

Le genre Quercus, les chênesMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

History, records, and anecdotes

Oaks, which belong to the Quercus genus, are the most common trees in European forests. Here are two green oaks, a pedunculate oak, a sessile oak, and a chestnut-leaved oak.

Tranche de Gommier bleu Eucalyptus globulus by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

Common eucalyptus tree

Eucalyptus trees are pyrophytes. Strangely, some plants need fire and even create favorable conditions for it themselves. That is the case with this tree, whose emissions of oils, carpet of leaves, and stance all favor the onset and propagation of fire.

Tranche de Sequoia toujours vert, Sequoia sempervirens by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

California redwood tree

Specimens of this tree are capable of reaching the loftiest heights. In California, where it is from, they can exceed 330 feet (100 m), the record being held by a tree 380 feet (116 m) tall.

Tranche d'oranger des osages Maclura pomifera by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

Osage orange tree

This species is originally from North America. The properties of its wood made it highly prized for the production of bows by indigenous people, particularly the Osage Nation.

Tranche de Robinier faux-acacia Robinia pseudoacacia by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

Black locust tree

This native North American tree was introduced to France by Jean Robin, who was Henri IV's gardener. In fact, the oldest planted tree in Paris is a locust, planted in 1602 by that same gardener in the city's botanical garden.

Tranche d'olivier d'Europe, Olea europaea 2/2 by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

Olive tree

Its remarkable longevity, with several 1,000-year-old specimens having been reported, its tortuous trunk, its hard wood, its silvery leaves, and its cultivation in the Mediterranean region for about 6,000 years all make this tree a symbol of the Mediterranean

Tranche de pommier commun Malus domestica by Louis RouxMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

Apple tree

Today, the apple tree is probably the most cultivated species. We owe its cultivation to the painstaking selection process carried out by brown bears! Among the wide range of sizes, shapes, and flavors, bears chose the best of them to eat, thereby participating in their reproduction and distribution.

Les MicocouliersMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

European nettle tree

The Muséum de Nîmes couldn't fail to have a sample of the European nettle tree—they line the city's avenues. This tree came to symbolize the region, having been used to make whips, pitchforks, splints, and stringed musical instruments.

Allées Jean JaurèsMuseum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes

Typical of southern France, you can find them in every city, and Nîmes is no exception, with its quadruple row of these trees offering some very welcome shade to residents as they stroll down Avenue Jean Jaurès.

Première correspondance avec le donateur, Charles Sheydt Fils, 1904, From the collection of: Museum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
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Inventaire de la collection par Louis Roux, Louis Roux, From the collection of: Museum d'histoire naturelle et préhistoire de Nîmes
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In 1904, Louis Roux's daughters contacted the curator of the Muséum de Nîmes. Their father had died and they wanted to donate his collection. Louis Roux (1825–1904) was a forest inspector. Passionate about his work, he collected Mediterranean and exotic species of wood. These are the wood samples that now make up the xylothèque.

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Realization: Ville de Nîmes - Muséum d'histoire naturelle et de préhistoire  
Iconography: © Ville de Nîmes - Muséum d'histoire naturelle et de préhistoire    

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The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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