More Than Beads and Fur: Unveiling the Layers of the Intore Costume
A look at the history, symbolism, and evolution of a vibrant cultural symbol in Rwanda
Performance - Warrior dancers by Rwanda MuseumsRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
Intore
The meaning of the word Intore is deeply rooted within the legacy of the Rwandan military organisation. Ancient Rwanda was an organised state, with a solid system based on social army. Intore means the chosen ones, a man of merit, and an accomplished member of the elite.
Urugangazi - Warrior dancers by Rwanda MuseumsRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
Intore, warrior dancers
The Intore dance, classified as intangible cultural heritage in the performing arts category, involved children from elite families. Trained at the royal court or powerful chiefs' residences, they became skilled dancers and also potential future military leaders and politicians.
Present - day Intore
Intore dancers, known for their artistic choreography, perform at celebrations ranging from family gatherings to national events. Their war-themed dances utilize expressive clothing and props to convey powerful messages.
Urugangazi - Warrior dancers by Rwanda MuseumsRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
Intore costume: The headdress, Umugara
Mirroring the king's crown, the Intore's headdress, "Umugara," features a band adorned with flowing fibers from the banana heart or combed sisal, creating a dramatic wave during their performances.
Beaded tiara (4) by Musee National du RwandaOriginal Source: Rwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
Igikubwe, beaded adornment
The Intore headdress features a band of tightly bound beads, originally signifying their elite origins. Today, all dancers wear it during the Umuhamirizo warrior dance.
Dancer's necklace(15) by Musee National du RwandaOriginal Source: Rwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
Finery necklace
Intore dancers often adorn themselves with white and black colobus monkey hides decorated with beads, draped around their necks with the fur cascading down their chests. This fur was also a symbol of royalty, used in the crowns of Rwandan kings.
Warrior dancer ButeraOriginal Source: Rwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
Ibitako: Jewellery set for Intore
Intore dancers wear beaded ornaments ("Ibitako") across their shoulders and backs. These symbolize respect, proper attire (through beads), and, according to tradition, offer magical protection.
Loincloth for Intore
Intore dancers' skirts, made from the hides of powerful animals like cheetahs and lions, symbolized the warriors' strength and ferocity. Straps allowed for length adjustments.
Urugangazi - Warrior dancers by Rwanda MuseumsRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
The loincloth in the present day
Due to laws protecting wildlife, dancers now wear fabrics with animal prints or traditional patterns instead of using real animal skins.
Weaponry for intore
Originally, Intore dancers were warriors skilled in combat. They carried real weapons – spears, bows, and shields – during performances, blurring the lines between entertainment and military training. Today, most dancers use only spears and shields.
Intore urukerereza by MYCULTURERwanda Cultural Heritage Academy
Ankle bells for intore
Intore dancers wear strings of bells around their ankles, jingling with each step to create a rhythmic melody. This sound once served both artistic and tactical purposes, adding both beauty and intimidation on the battlefield.
The future of the Intore costume
The Intore costume evolves alongside Rwandan fashion. Traditionally, dancers performed barefoot and shirtless, a practice now replaced. Similarly, the ceremonial "Umushanana" dress has been incorporated into the dance.
Content development: Jerome Karangwa
Curatorial layout: Chantal Umuhoza
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