Power and Women in Rwandan History: The Story of Nyagakecuru

Learn about the story of Nyagakecuru and gender equality in Rwanda.

King Musinga and his wivesOriginal Source: Rwanda Cultural Heritage Academy

Women and power

Women have always held significant roles in Rwandan culture, beyond child-rearing. Women played crucial roles in governance, exemplified by the Queen Mother's position alongside the King. This powerful figure offered political, economic, and social guidance.

Digital illustration of Nyagakecuru.PNG by Odile UweraRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy

The story of Nyagakecuru

Though often nicknamed Nyagakecuru, Benginzage was a powerful ruler of the Bungwe kingdom (now Huye and Nyaruguru districts) during the 16th century. She fiercely resisted Rwandan expansion after her husband Samukende's death.

Digital illustration of Nyagakecuru.PNG by Odile UweraRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy

The palace of Nyagakecuru

Nyagakecuru, atop Mount Huye, resided amongst Acanthus montanus species (Bear’s breech or Mountain thistle).  Her home guarded by both soldiers and, legend claims, a python.

The palace at the top of the mountain

Historically, rulers like kings and chiefs often resided atop mountains for strategic control and defense. This made them difficult or impossible to attack, as Nyagakecuru's army benefited from on several occasions.

Young Dancers initiationOriginal Source: Rwanda Cultural Heritage Academy

Military organization of Nyagakecuru's army

The Kinglet of Nyagakecuru was militarily organized. His army was divided into two units, a protection unit, and a supporting unit in case the first was defeated.

Ikirenga Cultural Centre by Ikirenga Cultural CentreRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy

Friendship with Ruganzu II Ndoli, a betrayal from friend

Ruganzu feigned friendship with Nyagakecuru, showering her with goats. These goats, however, devoured the bear's breech and, legend says, scared away the python, leaving Nyagakecuru vulnerable to his attack.

Digital illustration of Ruganzu by Odile UweraRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy

Nyagakecuru's army resistance

Despite two attacks, one on Nyagakecuru and another on her reinforcements, Ruganzu failed to conquer her. His son, Mutara I Semugeshi, achieved what his father couldn't, defeating Nyagakecuru and annexing her kingdom to Rwanda.

Parliament leaders by Parliament of RwandaRwanda Cultural Heritage Academy

Nyagakecuru's story and gender equality in Rwanda

Rwandan women once shared power in building their nation, but colonialism confined them to home. Recognizing their strength, the post-genocide government empowered them again, placing women at decision-making tables across the country.

Credits: Story

Content development: Chantal Umuhoza
Curatorial layout: Chantal Umuhoza
Illustration: Odile Uwera
Field trip: Huye city trail


References: Un Abrege de l'Ethno - Histoire du Rwanda

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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