The heritage: Mining in Saarland - Part V

Forced labour, Peace-making, Mine and home

By State Chancellery Saarland

Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit

Forced labour by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Forced labour

Since around 40% of the regular work- force of the Saar mines had been drawn into military service since 1915, Russian, Italian and French prisoners of war were increasingly employed under ground. More than 4.000 pri- soners were required to work in the Saar coal industry in 1918. During the Second World War too, primarily Russians, Poles, Frenchmen and Italians were used, partly as prisoners of war, partly as more or less voluntarily recruited male and female civilian workers. They were often deported from the streets and were often forced to live under inhuman conditions in camps and slave away in the coal and steel works. Spaniards, Croatians and Slovaks generally worked under better conditions, for they came from countries allied with Germany.

Female "Ostarbeiter" from Ukraine in the Dudweiler mining community, 1943 by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Italian migrant workers are not permitted entry to a Saarlandic restaurant by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Labour camp for foreign/forced labourers at Fechingen during the Second World War by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Prisoner of war camp Prisoner of war camp by Stadtarchiv Püttlingen and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Garden centre of Geislautern pit by Horst Schmadel, Seingbouse (F) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Garden centre of Geislautern pit by Horst Schmadel, Seingbouse (F) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Russian poetry book by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

List of forced labourers by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Bird game by Gunter Altenkirch, Gersheim-Rubenheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Toy cannon by Gunter Altenkirch, Gersheim-Rubenheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Wooden aircraft with swastika by Gunter Altenkirch, Gersheim-Rubenheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Wooden aircraft by Gunter Altenkirch, Gersheim-Rubenheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Pictorial dictionary by Horst Schmadel, Seingbouse (F) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

The long shadow of war. Compensation for forced labourers – the Saarland's point of view by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Prison door from the Saarbrücker Schloss by Historisches Museum Saar and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Peace agreement by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Peace-making

A political and social peace arrange- ment was concluded for the partially independent Saarland after WWII: the coal and steel co-determination act, initiated by the Allies in 1947 still during the occupation period, was signed in 1951 and established parity-based co-determination of the employees in the supervisory and management boards of mining and the iron and steel industry. As early as 1947, Jean Monnet promoted supranational control of the production of coal, steel and iron in order to secure lasting peace in Europe. The French foreign minister Robert Schuman presented his plan for a coal and steel community on 9th May 1950. The agreement was ultimately signed by the ECSC founder States of Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in 1951. Robert Schuman, the keenest campaigner for the European unification process at that time, pleaded in favour of making Saarbrücken the capital of the coal and steel community in 1952.

Signing of the contract governing the foundation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) on 18 April 1951 by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Advertising art for Saarbrücken as the coal and steel (Montan) capital of Europe by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

German Act on Co-Determination in the Coal, Iron and Steel Industries ("Montanmitbestimmungsgesetz") German Act on Co-Determination in the Coal, Iron and Steel Industries ("Montanmitbestimmungsgesetz") by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Union records Union records by Horst Schmadel, Seingbouse (F) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

The "Montan" triangle The "Montan" triangle by RAG, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Miner's badge by Historisches Museum Saar and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Miner's dictionary Miner's dictionary by Horst Schmadel, Seingbouse (F) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Declaration of Robert Schuman by Fondation Jean Monnet, Lausanne (CH) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

State visit at platform 1 State visit at platform 1 by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Robert Schuman and Johannes Hoffmann in Paris by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Saarbrücken – the European Capital by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Saarbrücken - Capital of Steel and Coal by Historisches Museum Saar and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

"Saarbrücken - Capital of Steel and Coal" exhibition stand by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Montanunionstadt Saarbrücken Montanunionstadt Saarbrücken by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

In March 1957, Federal Minister of Finance Fritz Schaffer broke the ground at the Warndt pit. The Saarland's Ministers Adolf Bind and Kurt Conrad can be seen on the right. by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

After the Hamburg flood disaster of June 1962, the Saarland sent aid in the form of coal. by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Demolition of surface installations at the Heinitz pit in February of 1967. The pit itself was already decommissioned in 1962. by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Prime Minster Franz Josef Roder visiting the "Saar-Gummiwerk" (rubber works) in Buschfeld, September 1968 by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

In 1985, Oskar Lafontaine took over government businesses from Werner Zeyer by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Aerial photography of the "Saarland-Raffinerie" (refinery) in Klarenthal, around 1970 by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Tradition meets innovation: the surface installations of the former Alsbachschacht of the Luisenthal pit in front of the imc (information multimedia communication) AG building on the premises of the Saarland IT-Park, 2010. by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Shaft and home by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Mine and home

During the 1950‘s, Saar mining ex- perienced one of the best periods in its long history from an economic, political and social standpoint. Above all the miners enjoyed many privile- ges during this time, such as welfare funds for needy employees, good medical treatment in miners‘ guild hospitals or benefits from a death benefit fund. These also however inclu- ded works libraries and coffee kitchens in which provisions could be bought particularly cheaply or concessionary coal, which was collectively agreed for both active miners and those already retired, in addition to favourable mortgages for home financing. The many miners‘ associations in addition to the miners‘ band and the Saar miners‘ choir are recognised to this day as trademarks far beyond the national borders.

Federal President Theodor Heuss during his speech at the St. Barbara mine in Bexbach on the occasion of his inaugural visit to the Saarland, January 1957 by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Houses of the miner's settlement in Merchweiler, mid-1960s by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Change of shift at the Camphausen pit in winter of 1962/63 by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

2 pairs of sandals 2 pairs of sandals by Gunter Altenkirch, Gersheim-Rubenheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Working bag by Gunter Altenkirch, Gersheim-Rubenheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Kindergarten bag by Gunter Altenkirch, Gersheim-Rubenheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Bauinteressengemeinschaft Landsweiler-Reden by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Workers' houses near the Steinwald in Neunkirchen by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Miners while building by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Topping-out ceremony by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Quierschied settlement by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Niederwurzbach settlement by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Bauinteressengemeinschaft Hühnerfeld by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Heiligenwald miners' settlement by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Workers' settlement of Reden pit by Landesarchiv Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Two settlement plans Two settlement plans by Ilse Jochum, Quierschied and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Radio set by Horst Schmadel, Seingbouse (F) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Lemonade bottle by Horst Schmadel, Seingbouse (F) and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Toys by Delf Slotta, Bischmisheim and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Miner's cow by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Stroller by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Vespa trip by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Playing children by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Playing children by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Playing children by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Playing children by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Playing children by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

White laundry by RAG Bildarchiv, Saarbrücken and Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

Kiting by Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes Open GalleryState Chancellery Saarland

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